The second case study is also a real problem, in the city of Itororó, Brazil. Figure 2 presents the WDN topology, with 1 reservoir, 20 pipes linking 17 demand nodes, 3 loops, and a hydraulic pump with a water catchment level of 222 m, responsible to pump water to the reservoir. Table 6 presents the nodes and pipes characteristic. Available set of seven distinct commercial diameters are presented in Table 7, with the respective costs. In this case, the costs in R$ were converted from USD (USD 1 = R$ 4). The water velocity must be bounded between 0.2 and 3.5 m/s and the minimum required pressure is 15 m for all demand nodes. The Darcy–Weisbach equation is used and a roughness coefficient equal to m for all pipes was considered. The water kinematic viscosity at 20 °C is m²/s. The pump efficiency is 75% and 7,300 h/year is considered as the operation time. The energy cost is 0.134 $/kWh and the annual interest rate is 10%. The lifetime considered is 25 years and the annual increase in the energy is 6%.