The problem was solved using the solver SBB in GAMS and Table 8 presents the calculated hydraulic variables and the flow directions. The optimized total cost for the WDN was $ 487,254.78. In this case, it can be noted that the operation cost corresponds to almost 2/3 of the total WDN cost. Table 9 presents the pipes diameter, manometric head of the pumping system, and the network costs.
Table 8
Hydraulic variables calculated for the Itororó WDN
| Pipe/Node | Velocity (m/s) | Flow direction | Pressure (m) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.25 | R-1 | 25.41 |
| 2 | 2.13 | 1-2 | 27.48 |
| 3 | 2.03 | 2-3 | 28.84 |
| 4 | 0.75 | 3-4 | 28.05 |
| 5 | 0.68 | 4-5 | 28.77 |
| 6 | 0.46 | 5-6 | 24.01 |
| 7 | 1.10 | 7-6 | 22.06 |
| 8 | 1.32 | 8-7 | 15.00 |
| 9 | 0.44 | 1-8 | 33.23 |
| 10 | 0.89 | 1-9 | 28.54 |
| 11 | 1.15 | 9-10 | 29.28 |
| 12 | 1.48 | 10-11 | 25.76 |
| 13 | 0.21 | 11-12 | 18.24 |
| 14 | 1.26 | 3-12 | 18.50 |
| 15 | 1.63 | 3-13 | 20.61 |
| 16 | 1.08 | 13-14 | 15.05 |
| 17 | 1.31 | 14-15 | 16.72 |
| 18 | 0.97 | 16-15 | |
| 19 | 1.43 | 17-16 | |
| 20 | 0.83 | 5-17 |
| Pipe/Node | Velocity (m/s) | Flow direction | Pressure (m) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.25 | R-1 | 25.41 |
| 2 | 2.13 | 1-2 | 27.48 |
| 3 | 2.03 | 2-3 | 28.84 |
| 4 | 0.75 | 3-4 | 28.05 |
| 5 | 0.68 | 4-5 | 28.77 |
| 6 | 0.46 | 5-6 | 24.01 |
| 7 | 1.10 | 7-6 | 22.06 |
| 8 | 1.32 | 8-7 | 15.00 |
| 9 | 0.44 | 1-8 | 33.23 |
| 10 | 0.89 | 1-9 | 28.54 |
| 11 | 1.15 | 9-10 | 29.28 |
| 12 | 1.48 | 10-11 | 25.76 |
| 13 | 0.21 | 11-12 | 18.24 |
| 14 | 1.26 | 3-12 | 18.50 |
| 15 | 1.63 | 3-13 | 20.61 |
| 16 | 1.08 | 13-14 | 15.05 |
| 17 | 1.31 | 14-15 | 16.72 |
| 18 | 0.97 | 16-15 | |
| 19 | 1.43 | 17-16 | |
| 20 | 0.83 | 5-17 |
Table 9
Diameters, manometric high, and costs for the Itororó WDN
| Pipe | Diameter (m) | Pipe | Diameter (m) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.2520 | 11 | 0.0756 |
| 2 | 0.1564 | 12 | 0.0534 |
| 3 | 0.1564 | 13 | 0.0534 |
| 4 | 0.1564 | 14 | 0.0756 |
| 5 | 0.1564 | 15 | 0.1084 |
| 6 | 0.0534 | 16 | 0.1084 |
| 7 | 0.0534 | 17 | 0.0756 |
| 8 | 0.0756 | 18 | 0.0534 |
| 9 | 0.1564 | 19 | 0.0756 |
| 10 | 0.1084 | 20 | 0.1084 |
 (m) |  ($) |  ($) |  ($) |
| 25.466 | 179,816.40 | 307,438.38 | 487,254.78 |
| Pipe | Diameter (m) | Pipe | Diameter (m) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.2520 | 11 | 0.0756 |
| 2 | 0.1564 | 12 | 0.0534 |
| 3 | 0.1564 | 13 | 0.0534 |
| 4 | 0.1564 | 14 | 0.0756 |
| 5 | 0.1564 | 15 | 0.1084 |
| 6 | 0.0534 | 16 | 0.1084 |
| 7 | 0.0534 | 17 | 0.0756 |
| 8 | 0.0756 | 18 | 0.0534 |
| 9 | 0.1564 | 19 | 0.0756 |
| 10 | 0.1084 | 20 | 0.1084 |
| (m) | ($) | ($) | ($) |
| 25.466 | 179,816.40 | 307,438.38 | 487,254.78 |