According to a survey of the literature, only little works on fixed bed column analysis have been documented; otherwise, the majority of As (III) mitigation research has been undertaken in batch mode. The results collected under batch operations, on the other hand, are often not suitable in real treatment operations, because the residence duration is insufficient to achieve equilibrium. As a result, equilibrium investigations utilising columns are required. Column reactors have a higher equilibrium absorption capacity of As (III), making the adsorbent appealing for As (III) mitigation filter system. Hence, the adsorption capacity of PETC-Fe under fixed bed column operation is contrasted to that of earlier reported different adsorbents (Table 6). Even though it is hard to accurately correlate the PETC-Fe to other adsorbents due to the diverse test conditions used, still the As (III) absorption capacity of PETC-Fe is found to be relatively considerable and comparable to other adsorbents used for As (III) removal in column operations. The findings suggest that PETC-Fe may be efficiently utilised in a continuous fixed bed operations to mitigate As (III) from aquatic environment.
Comparison of the uptake capacities of char based adsorbents for As (III) mitigation by fixed-bed operation
| Adsorbent . | Operating conditions . | Uptake capacity (μg/g) . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thioglycolated sugarcane carbon | 6.0 g dosage, 3.0 mL/min flow rate, and 1,500 μg/L influent concentration | 85.01 | Roy et al. (2013) |
| Iron oxide-coated cement | 10–20 cm bed height, 4.3–12 mL/min flow rate and 500–2,700 μg/L initial As(III) concentrations | 600.53 | Kundu & Gupta (2007) |
| Multi walled CNTs | 10–20 cm bed height, 30.0 mL/min flow rate, and 500 μg/L influent concentration | 13.5 | Ali (2018) |
| Fe2O3 impregnated aspergillus niger biomass | 6.925 g dosage, 2.5 mL/min flow rate, and 100 μg/L influent concentration | 88 | Pokhrel & Viraraghavan (2008) |
| Fe2O3 nanoneedle array- impregnated biochar fibers | 2.0 g dosage, 2,500 breakthrough volume, and 275 μg/L influent concentration | – | Wei et al. (2019) |
| Non-immobilized sorghum char | 150.0 g dosage, 2,500 10.0 mL/min flow rate, and 500 μg/L influent concentration 0.18–1.4 mm particle size | 276.5 | Carneiro et al. (2021) |
| Modified calcined bauxite | 10 cm bed height, 5.0 mL/min flow rate and 1,000 μg/L initial As(III) concentrations, 0.212 mm particle size | 490 | Ayoob et al. (2007) |
| PETC-Fe | 15 cm bed height, 3.0 mL/min flow rate | 1,892 | Current study |
| Adsorbent . | Operating conditions . | Uptake capacity (μg/g) . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thioglycolated sugarcane carbon | 6.0 g dosage, 3.0 mL/min flow rate, and 1,500 μg/L influent concentration | 85.01 | Roy et al. (2013) |
| Iron oxide-coated cement | 10–20 cm bed height, 4.3–12 mL/min flow rate and 500–2,700 μg/L initial As(III) concentrations | 600.53 | Kundu & Gupta (2007) |
| Multi walled CNTs | 10–20 cm bed height, 30.0 mL/min flow rate, and 500 μg/L influent concentration | 13.5 | Ali (2018) |
| Fe2O3 impregnated aspergillus niger biomass | 6.925 g dosage, 2.5 mL/min flow rate, and 100 μg/L influent concentration | 88 | Pokhrel & Viraraghavan (2008) |
| Fe2O3 nanoneedle array- impregnated biochar fibers | 2.0 g dosage, 2,500 breakthrough volume, and 275 μg/L influent concentration | – | Wei et al. (2019) |
| Non-immobilized sorghum char | 150.0 g dosage, 2,500 10.0 mL/min flow rate, and 500 μg/L influent concentration 0.18–1.4 mm particle size | 276.5 | Carneiro et al. (2021) |
| Modified calcined bauxite | 10 cm bed height, 5.0 mL/min flow rate and 1,000 μg/L initial As(III) concentrations, 0.212 mm particle size | 490 | Ayoob et al. (2007) |
| PETC-Fe | 15 cm bed height, 3.0 mL/min flow rate | 1,892 | Current study |