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The wheat cultivars sown in the S1, S2, S3, and S4 fields were Mehregan, Chamran, Sirvan, and Sirvan, respectively. All these cultivars are locally bred for the hot to semi-hot climates. Mehregan is an early-maturing cultivar, is suitable for delayed sowing dates, and is resistant to terminal water and heat stresses. Chamran is a medium-maturing cultivar and is a high-yield cultivar under normal and sufficient irrigation. Sirvan is a semi-early-maturing and high-yield cultivar and is resistant to terminal water stress. Wheat seeds were sown at the rate of 200 kg ha−1 from 20th Nov. until 5th Jan. in the studied fields. The Granstar herbicide was applied in 30–40 g ha−1 in the studied fields around 80 days after the sowing date. The triple super phosphate fertilizer was used at the rate of 150–200 kg ha−1 between the sowing date and flowering. Five soil samples per field were taken at the depths of 0–0.3, 0.3–0.6, and 0.6–0.9 m to determine soil textures and soil hydraulic properties (Table 1).

Table 1

Soil physical parameters in the four study locations

S1S2S3S4
Soil texture 
 0–0.3 m Silty clay loam Silty loam Clay loam Silty clay loam 
 0.3–0.6 m Clay Silty clay Clay loam Silty clay loam 
 0.6–0.9 m Sandy clay loam Sandy clay loam Clay Clay 
ΘWP (cm3 cm−3) 
 0–0.3 m 0.21 0.13 0.20 0.22 
 0.3–0.6 m 0.17 0.19 0.15 0.18 
 0.6–0.9 m 0.13 0.16 0.19 0.19 
ΘFC (cm3 cm−3) 
 0–0.3 m 0.36 0.32 0.32 0.35 
 0.3–0.6 m 0.44 0.44 0.28 0.45 
 0.6–0.9 m 0.27 0.26 0.43 0.44 
ΘSAT (cm3 cm−3) 
 0–0.3 m 0.47 0.51 0.46 0.45 
 0.3–0.6 m 0.51 0.53 0.44 0.49 
 0.6–0.9 m 0.40 0.41 0.50 0.52 
KSAT (cm h−1) 
 0–0.3 m 0.16 0.62 0.25 0.14 
 0.3–0.6 m 0.12 0.51 0.24 0.13 
S1S2S3S4
Soil texture 
 0–0.3 m Silty clay loam Silty loam Clay loam Silty clay loam 
 0.3–0.6 m Clay Silty clay Clay loam Silty clay loam 
 0.6–0.9 m Sandy clay loam Sandy clay loam Clay Clay 
ΘWP (cm3 cm−3) 
 0–0.3 m 0.21 0.13 0.20 0.22 
 0.3–0.6 m 0.17 0.19 0.15 0.18 
 0.6–0.9 m 0.13 0.16 0.19 0.19 
ΘFC (cm3 cm−3) 
 0–0.3 m 0.36 0.32 0.32 0.35 
 0.3–0.6 m 0.44 0.44 0.28 0.45 
 0.6–0.9 m 0.27 0.26 0.43 0.44 
ΘSAT (cm3 cm−3) 
 0–0.3 m 0.47 0.51 0.46 0.45 
 0.3–0.6 m 0.51 0.53 0.44 0.49 
 0.6–0.9 m 0.40 0.41 0.50 0.52 
KSAT (cm h−1) 
 0–0.3 m 0.16 0.62 0.25 0.14 
 0.3–0.6 m 0.12 0.51 0.24 0.13 

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