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According to the construction requirements of the sponge city, the storage volume is determined to ensure to meet the stormwater control objectives. We selected four common measures in the two LID facilities, including three types of infiltration LID facilities (sunken green space (SG), bioretention ponds (BP), and infiltration ponds (IP)) and one storage LID facility (reservoir (RE)). Under the premise of ensuring the stormwater runoff control objectives, the four LID facilities were arranged in centralization (CE) and decentralization (DE) space (‘centralization’ layout means that LID facilities are placed only in road-accessory green spaces to concentrate runoff, while ‘decentralization’ layout means that LID facilities are placed in all types of additional green spaces to disperse runoff), and eight single LID facility schemes were initially constructed (Table 1). Then, two of the above four LID facilities were selected and combined by the centralized and decentralized layout in a different order according to the ratio of 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 of the total runoff reduction target, a total of 72 combined schemes were prepared. This way, the impact of LID facilities' active type and spatial layout on runoff regulation was investigated (Table 2). Taking the reduction of peak flow as the core indicator, the aim is to study the effect of reducing waterlogging of the active type and spatial layout of LID facilities in the attached green space to determine the active type and spatial layout of the LID system.

Table 1

Single LID facility scheme

CE-SG CE-BP CE-IP CE-RE CE-SG DE-BP DE-IP DE-RE 
CE-SG CE-BP CE-IP CE-RE CE-SG DE-BP DE-IP DE-RE 
Table 2

Combined LID facility scheme

CE-SG-BP (1:3) CE-SG-IP (1:3) CE-SG-RE (1:3) CE-BP-IP (1:3) CE-BP-RE (1:3) CE-IP-RE (1:3) 
CE-SG-BP (1:1) CE-SG-IP (1:1) CE-SG-RE (1:1) CE-BP-IP (1:1) CE-BP-RE (1:1) CE-IP-RE (1:1) 
CE-SG-BP (3:1) CE-SG-IP (3:1) CE-SG-RE (3:1) CE-BP-IP (3:1) CE-BP-RE (3:1) CE-IP-RE (3:1) 
CE-BP-SG (1:3) CE-IP-SG (1:3) CE-RE-SG (1:3) CE-IP-BP (1:3) CE-RE-BP (1:3) CE-RE-IP (1:3) 
CE-BP-SG (1:1) CE-IP-SG (1:1) CE-RE-SG (1:3) CE-IP-BP (1:1) CE-RE-BP (1:1) CE-RE-IP (1:1) 
CE-BP-SG (3:1) CE-IP-SG (3:1) CE-RE-SG (1:3) CE-IP-BP (3:1) CE-RE-BP (3:1) CE-RE-IP (3:1) 
DE-SG-BP (1:3) DE-SG-IP (1:3) DE-SG-RE (1:3) DE-BP-IP (1:3) DE-BP-RE (1:3) DE-IP-RE (1:3) 
DE-SG-BP (1:1) DE-SG-IP (1:1) DE-SG-RE (1:1) DE-BP-IP (1:1) DE-BP-RE (1:1) DE-IP-RE (1:1) 
DE-SG-BP (3:1) DE-SG-IP (3:1) DE-SG-RE (3:1) DE-BP-IP (3:1) DE-BP-RE (3:1) DE-IP-RE (3:1) 
DE-BP-SG (1:3) DE-IP-SG (1:3) DE-RE-SG (1:3) DE-IP-BP (1:3) DE-RE-BP (1:3) DE-RE-IP (1:3) 
DE-BP-SG (1:1) DE-IP-SG (1:1) DE-RE-SG (1:1) DE-IP-BP (1:1) DE-RE-BP (1:1) DE-RE-IP (1:1) 
DE-BP-SG (3:1) DE-IP-SG (3:1) DE-RE-SG (3:1) DE-IP-BP (3:1) DE-RE-BP (3:1) DE-RE-IP (3:1) 
CE-SG-BP (1:3) CE-SG-IP (1:3) CE-SG-RE (1:3) CE-BP-IP (1:3) CE-BP-RE (1:3) CE-IP-RE (1:3) 
CE-SG-BP (1:1) CE-SG-IP (1:1) CE-SG-RE (1:1) CE-BP-IP (1:1) CE-BP-RE (1:1) CE-IP-RE (1:1) 
CE-SG-BP (3:1) CE-SG-IP (3:1) CE-SG-RE (3:1) CE-BP-IP (3:1) CE-BP-RE (3:1) CE-IP-RE (3:1) 
CE-BP-SG (1:3) CE-IP-SG (1:3) CE-RE-SG (1:3) CE-IP-BP (1:3) CE-RE-BP (1:3) CE-RE-IP (1:3) 
CE-BP-SG (1:1) CE-IP-SG (1:1) CE-RE-SG (1:3) CE-IP-BP (1:1) CE-RE-BP (1:1) CE-RE-IP (1:1) 
CE-BP-SG (3:1) CE-IP-SG (3:1) CE-RE-SG (1:3) CE-IP-BP (3:1) CE-RE-BP (3:1) CE-RE-IP (3:1) 
DE-SG-BP (1:3) DE-SG-IP (1:3) DE-SG-RE (1:3) DE-BP-IP (1:3) DE-BP-RE (1:3) DE-IP-RE (1:3) 
DE-SG-BP (1:1) DE-SG-IP (1:1) DE-SG-RE (1:1) DE-BP-IP (1:1) DE-BP-RE (1:1) DE-IP-RE (1:1) 
DE-SG-BP (3:1) DE-SG-IP (3:1) DE-SG-RE (3:1) DE-BP-IP (3:1) DE-BP-RE (3:1) DE-IP-RE (3:1) 
DE-BP-SG (1:3) DE-IP-SG (1:3) DE-RE-SG (1:3) DE-IP-BP (1:3) DE-RE-BP (1:3) DE-RE-IP (1:3) 
DE-BP-SG (1:1) DE-IP-SG (1:1) DE-RE-SG (1:1) DE-IP-BP (1:1) DE-RE-BP (1:1) DE-RE-IP (1:1) 
DE-BP-SG (3:1) DE-IP-SG (3:1) DE-RE-SG (3:1) DE-IP-BP (3:1) DE-RE-BP (3:1) DE-RE-IP (3:1) 

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