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K-means clustering of the monthly total precipitation data selected from Table 4 is shown in the following figures that display silhouette plots for the clusters based on different distance metrics and also the visualization of clustered data (Figure 6).
Table 4

Number of clusters identified for each 10-year sub-period

No.PeriodNumber of clustersDistance method
1 1980–1989 4 Cosine distance 
2 1990–1999 6 Cosine distance 
3 2000–2009 6 Correlation distance 
4 2010–2020 7 Cosine distance 
No.PeriodNumber of clustersDistance method
1 1980–1989 4 Cosine distance 
2 1990–1999 6 Cosine distance 
3 2000–2009 6 Correlation distance 
4 2010–2020 7 Cosine distance 
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Figure 6
Silhouette plots based on cosine and correlation distance metrics (left) and visualization of clustered data for the period of (a) 1980–1984 with n-clusters = 6; (b)1985 = 1989 with n-clusters = 5; (c)1990 = 1994 with n-clusters = 4; (d)1995 = 1999 with n-clusters = 5; (e) 2000–2004 with n-clusters = 5; (f) 2005–2009 with n-clusters = 5; (g) 2010–2014 with n-clusters = 5; and (h) 2015–2020 with n-clusters = 4.
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Silhouette plots based on cosine and correlation distance metrics (left) and visualization of clustered data for the period of (a) 1980–1984 with n-clusters = 6; (b)1985 = 1989 with n-clusters = 5; (c)1990 = 1994 with n-clusters = 4; (d)1995 = 1999 with n-clusters = 5; (e) 2000–2004 with n-clusters = 5; (f) 2005–2009 with n-clusters = 5; (g) 2010–2014 with n-clusters = 5; and (h) 2015–2020 with n-clusters = 4.
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Silhouette plots based on cosine and correlation distance metrics (left) and visualization of clustered data for the period of (a) 1980–1984 with n-clusters = 6; (b)1985 = 1989 with n-clusters = 5; (c)1990 = 1994 with n-clusters = 4; (d)1995 = 1999 with n-clusters = 5; (e) 2000–2004 with n-clusters = 5; (f) 2005–2009 with n-clusters = 5; (g) 2010–2014 with n-clusters = 5; and (h) 2015–2020 with n-clusters = 4.

Figure 6
Silhouette plots based on cosine and correlation distance metrics (left) and visualization of clustered data for the period of (a) 1980–1984 with n-clusters = 6; (b)1985 = 1989 with n-clusters = 5; (c)1990 = 1994 with n-clusters = 4; (d)1995 = 1999 with n-clusters = 5; (e) 2000–2004 with n-clusters = 5; (f) 2005–2009 with n-clusters = 5; (g) 2010–2014 with n-clusters = 5; and (h) 2015–2020 with n-clusters = 4.
View largeDownload slide
Silhouette plots based on cosine and correlation distance metrics (left) and visualization of clustered data for the period of (a) 1980–1984 with n-clusters = 6; (b)1985 = 1989 with n-clusters = 5; (c)1990 = 1994 with n-clusters = 4; (d)1995 = 1999 with n-clusters = 5; (e) 2000–2004 with n-clusters = 5; (f) 2005–2009 with n-clusters = 5; (g) 2010–2014 with n-clusters = 5; and (h) 2015–2020 with n-clusters = 4.
View largeDownload slide

Silhouette plots based on cosine and correlation distance metrics (left) and visualization of clustered data for the period of (a) 1980–1984 with n-clusters = 6; (b)1985 = 1989 with n-clusters = 5; (c)1990 = 1994 with n-clusters = 4; (d)1995 = 1999 with n-clusters = 5; (e) 2000–2004 with n-clusters = 5; (f) 2005–2009 with n-clusters = 5; (g) 2010–2014 with n-clusters = 5; and (h) 2015–2020 with n-clusters = 4.

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