The hydraulic impact of the liquid in the pipeline performed oscillatory motion. The hydraulic model (Table 1) against shock waves for the present work includes a one-way surge tank for protection of the water transmission line against water hammer. Hence, the flow and pressure sensors equipped with data loggers were installed into the manholes of valves along the water transmission line. The flow and pressure variation due to water hammer were detected by sensors and transmitted by modems to the RS. These collected data were instantaneously compared with the calibrated mathematical model of the pipeline. The online comparison between the spatial data and non-spatial data made a communication between coordination of water system elements related to the GEO-database of the pipeline which revealed the water leakage zones in the present work (Asli et al. 2012, 2017; Duan et al. 2020).
Specification of hydraulic model of water transmission line
. | Keyword . | Value . |
---|---|---|
1 | Units for flow | M3/s |
2 | Units for head | m |
3 | Units for volume | m3 |
4 | Units for diameter | mm |
5 | Units for length | m |
6 | Units for mass | kg |
7 | Time increment | 0.0148 |
8 | Number of time steps | 339 |
9 | Simulation time | 5.003 (s) |
10 | Wave speed | 1084 (m/s) |
11 | Vapor pressure | −10 (bar) |
12 | Max. volume | 198.483 (m3) |
13 | Type of volume | Air |
14 | Type | air valve |
15 | Category | Protection equip |
16 | Node ID | 24 |
17 | Label | J28 |
18 | Units for pressure | mH |
19 | Specific gravity | 1 |
20 | Courant number | Cr = 0.997 |
. | Keyword . | Value . |
---|---|---|
1 | Units for flow | M3/s |
2 | Units for head | m |
3 | Units for volume | m3 |
4 | Units for diameter | mm |
5 | Units for length | m |
6 | Units for mass | kg |
7 | Time increment | 0.0148 |
8 | Number of time steps | 339 |
9 | Simulation time | 5.003 (s) |
10 | Wave speed | 1084 (m/s) |
11 | Vapor pressure | −10 (bar) |
12 | Max. volume | 198.483 (m3) |
13 | Type of volume | Air |
14 | Type | air valve |
15 | Category | Protection equip |
16 | Node ID | 24 |
17 | Label | J28 |
18 | Units for pressure | mH |
19 | Specific gravity | 1 |
20 | Courant number | Cr = 0.997 |