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Later, these two latent variables are linked using a path diagram, demonstrating a strong impact with a greater significant value on each other (0.85 and 0.21). Among 10 latent variables, water misuse during the shower (y1), washing dishes (y4), toilet flushing (y5), cleaning food (y8), and water misuse during pool refilling (y9) variables are the most significant. That means that during a shower, washing dishes, toilet flushing, cleaning food and while refilling the pool, water is wasted, which causes the water crisis in Dhaka city. In addition, among six variables under the ‘natural crisis’ latent variable, the pump capacity (y13) variable is the most significant one. After connecting ‘personal misuse’ latent variables with overuse and misuse, the endogenous variables of mismanagement, unfair pricing, and ecosystem loss showed statistical significance. Again, the ‘natural crisis’ latent variable that connected with unfair pricing and ecosystem loss (endogenous variables) also showed higher statistical significance. All the path co-efficient values are shown in Table 5. This result represents the overall outcome of the hypothesis testing the water crisis using SEM. Table 6 displays the fit indices for the SEM.

Table 5

Path co-efficient of the structural equation model

Item no.	Variable category	Description	Notation	Path co-efficient
1	Endogenous observed variables	Misuse of water during shower	y1	0.75
2		Misuse of water during laundry	y2	0.61
3		Misuse of water during cooking	y3	0.45
4		Misuse of water during washing dishes	y4	0.70
5		Misuse of water during toilet flushing	y5	0.75
6		Misuse of water during washing car	y6	0.32
7		Misuse of water during watering in the garden	y7	0.21
8		Misuse of water during cleaning food	y8	0.89
9		Misuse of water during pool refilling	y9	0.94
10		Misuse of water during tank refilling	y10	0.13
11		Leakage of water tap	y11	0.55
12		Ground water layer depletion	y12	0.42
13		Pump capacity	y13	1.23
14		Increase of salinity	y14	0.37
15		Drying of river bed	y15	0.21
16		Climate changing	y16	0.36
17		Overuse and misuse of water	y17	0.61
18		Mismanagement	y18	0.37
19		Unfair pricing	y19	0.09
20		Ecosystem loss	y20	0.74
21	Latent variables	Personal misuse	η1	0.85
22	Latent variables	Natural crisis	η2	0.21
23	Dependent variable	Water crisis	Z	N/A

Item no.	Variable category	Description	Notation	Path co-efficient
1	Endogenous observed variables	Misuse of water during shower	y1	0.75
2		Misuse of water during laundry	y2	0.61
3		Misuse of water during cooking	y3	0.45
4		Misuse of water during washing dishes	y4	0.70
5		Misuse of water during toilet flushing	y5	0.75
6		Misuse of water during washing car	y6	0.32
7		Misuse of water during watering in the garden	y7	0.21
8		Misuse of water during cleaning food	y8	0.89
9		Misuse of water during pool refilling	y9	0.94
10		Misuse of water during tank refilling	y10	0.13
11		Leakage of water tap	y11	0.55
12		Ground water layer depletion	y12	0.42
13		Pump capacity	y13	1.23
14		Increase of salinity	y14	0.37
15		Drying of river bed	y15	0.21
16		Climate changing	y16	0.36
17		Overuse and misuse of water	y17	0.61
18		Mismanagement	y18	0.37
19		Unfair pricing	y19	0.09
20		Ecosystem loss	y20	0.74
21	Latent variables	Personal misuse	η1	0.85
22	Latent variables	Natural crisis	η2	0.21
23	Dependent variable	Water crisis	Z	N/A

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