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According to QCVN01, the groundwater index of CaCO3 is from 0 to 300 mg/l (National technical regulation on domestic water quality of Vietnam, QCVN 01: 2009/BYT 2021). The indicators in Table 3 show the range of water quality categorization based on the quality index of weight groundwater for human consumption. However, the total CaCO3 value in the experiment samples ranged from 0 to 25.8 mg/l, and the mean value was 1.3 mg/l, this point illustrated that adapted the regular limit of QCVN01 with ‘Excellent’. These points indicate that the water quality in these two districts is usable for humans, livestock, and agriculture activities. Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and climate change will negatively affect the groundwater resource in the areas. Therefore, households need to build a water purification system for drinking; at the same time, the local government needs to supply a clean water system so that people have clean water for daily living. In addition, local authorities and households should install early warning sensors for changes in chemical content in groundwater at some wells. The work periodically checks and advises on pollution levels of groundwater.

Table 3

Water quality categorization based on the quality index of weight groundwater (GWQI)

GWQI< 5050 − 100100–200200–300> 300
Quality categorization Excellent Good Bad Very bad Unsuitable for drinking 
GWQI< 5050 − 100100–200200–300> 300
Quality categorization Excellent Good Bad Very bad Unsuitable for drinking 

Unit: mg/l.

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