The validity and reliability of variables were tested through various parameters as composite reliability (CR) and Cronbach's alpha. In the beginning, all indicators were tested through smartPLS software and the items smaller than 0.600 were discarded from the list of indicators. The data for this were collected from three different respondents’ group, the results of reliability and validity of all groups and overall data are presented in Table 1. The calculation of the test highlighted that all the values of alpha and CRs were higher as 0.700 as recommended for these tests.

Table 2

Discriminant validity (cross-loadings) using the criterion by the Heterotrait–Monotrait Method (HTMT)

Overall sample
Urban sample
Rural (intervened)
Rural (non-intervened)
CHKAPSCDWASHCHKAPSCDWASHCHKAPSCDWASHCHKAPSCDWASH
CH11 0.788 0.208 0.225 0.165 CH11 0.849 0.195 0.305 0.095 CH11 0.857 0.302 0.287 0.265 CH11 0.845 0.225 0.191 0.166 
CH15 0.843 0.222 0.308 0.179 CH5 0.789 0.367 0.254 0.302 CH5 0.752 0.271 0.158 0.365 CH12 0.762 0.242 0.33 0.127 
CH6 0.772 0.194 0.206 0.154 CH6 0.852 0.149 0.265 0.086 CH6 0.831 0.303 0.27 0.262 CH13 0.734 0.292 0.287 0.17 
CH8 0.802 0.173 0.278 0.174 KAP1 0.325 0.743 0.176 0.182 CH8 0.783 0.395 0.171 0.407 CH6 0.805 0.204 0.154 0.157 
KAP1 0.176 0.799 0.163 0.207 KAP12 0.211 0.879 0.124 0.25 KAP12 0.381 0.949 0.17 0.27 KAP12 0.222 0.853 0.093 0.194 
KAP11 0.106 0.815 0.08 0.215 KAP15 0.218 0.845 0.058 0.109 KAP15 0.35 0.949 0.168 0.295 KAP2 0.231 0.808 0.012 0.168 
KAP12 0.243 0.892 0.135 0.23 KAP2 0.276 0.848 0.157 0.229 KAP2 0.34 0.923 0.212 0.329 KAP4 0.307 0.722 0.246 0.222 
KAP15 0.244 0.928 0.131 0.216 KAP4 0.22 0.751 0.18 0.14 KAP4 0.393 0.937 0.17 0.267 KAP5 0.297 0.933 0.164 0.23 
KAP2 0.203 0.851 0.089 0.232 KAP5 0.205 0.756 0.109 0.161 KAP5 0.353 0.789 0.126 0.213 KAP7 0.213 0.816 0.069 0.189 
KAP5 0.286 0.869 0.174 0.211 KAP7 0.296 0.848 0.151 0.048 KAP8 0.309 0.898 0.196 0.241 KAP8 0.196 0.898 0.056 0.222 
KAP7 0.205 0.869 0.174 0.211 SCD10 0.252 0.139 0.906 0.124 KAP9 0.408 0.912 0.206 0.225 KAP9 0.338 0.925 0.178 0.234 
KAP8 0.192 0.919 0.115 0.229 SCD14 0.236 0.113 0.888 0.252 SCD13 0.231 0.181 0.925 0.158 SCD10 0.299 0.114 0.943 0.043 
KAP9 0.239 0.849 0.128 0.213 SCD7 0.378 0.205 0.913 0.172 SCD3 0.292 0.17 0.919 0.208 SCD14 0.193 0.094 0.859 −0.071 
SCD10 0.266 0.103 0.917 0.056 WASH1 0.126 0.084 0.143 0.827 SCD9 0.229 0.201 0.951 0.166 SCD7 0.351 0.191 0.944 0.054 
SCD14 0.241 0.108 0.885 0.048 WASH17 0.251 0.241 0.208 0.891 WASH1 0.396 0.246 0.167 0.749 WASH17 0.17 0.144 −0.003 0.778 
SCD7 0.345 0.176 0.922 0.1 WASH23 0.216 0.089 0.262 0.868 WASH18 0.332 0.306 0.156 0.807 WASH18 0.144 0.16 −0.042 0.803 
WASH1 0.132 0.217 0.042 0.845 WASH24 0.103 0.08 0.017 0.777 WASH20 0.104 0.105 −0.009 0.725 
WASH17 0.185 0.226 0.074 0.784 WASH28 0.165 0.163 0.124 0.897 WASH20 0.293 0.237 0.213 0.85 WASH23 0.241 0.226 0.026 0.88 
WASH18 0.193 0.216 0.084 0.761 WASH32 0.15 0.087 0.069 0.792 WASH24 0.053 0.163 −0.028 0.826 
WASH2 0.197 0.23 0.08 0.906 WASH32 0.15 0.087 0.069 0.792 WASH24 0.298 0.193 0.106 0.749 WASH28 0.191 0.281 0.088 0.912 
WASH20 0.187 0.149 0.057 0.778 
WASH23 0.181 0.178 0.073 0.824 WASH32 0.15 0.087 0.069 0.792 WASH25 0.288 0.098 0.211 0.694 WASH31 0.063 0.069 0.003 0.726 
WASH24 0.11 0.171 0.016 0.795 
WASH25 0.147 0.155 0.046 0.721 WASH39 0.225 0.241 0.195 0.947 WASH28 0.334 0.279 0.176 0.881 WASH39 0.145 0.194 0.068 0.84 
WASH28 0.195 0.247 0.086 0.902 
WASH31 0.091 0.092 −0.011 0.745 WASH4 0.177 0.29 0.149 0.866 WASH39 0.329 0.244 0.084 0.878 WASH4 0.138 0.231 − 0.045 0.859 
WASH39 0.167 0.21 0.091 0.884 
WASH4 0.178 0.23 0.043 0.847 WASH5 0.218 0.161 0.25 0.898 WASH4 0.342 0.217 0.149 0.849 WASH5 0.228 0.295 0.052 0.902 
WASH5 0.218 0.259 0.096 0.908 
Overall sample
Urban sample
Rural (intervened)
Rural (non-intervened)
CHKAPSCDWASHCHKAPSCDWASHCHKAPSCDWASHCHKAPSCDWASH
CH11 0.788 0.208 0.225 0.165 CH11 0.849 0.195 0.305 0.095 CH11 0.857 0.302 0.287 0.265 CH11 0.845 0.225 0.191 0.166 
CH15 0.843 0.222 0.308 0.179 CH5 0.789 0.367 0.254 0.302 CH5 0.752 0.271 0.158 0.365 CH12 0.762 0.242 0.33 0.127 
CH6 0.772 0.194 0.206 0.154 CH6 0.852 0.149 0.265 0.086 CH6 0.831 0.303 0.27 0.262 CH13 0.734 0.292 0.287 0.17 
CH8 0.802 0.173 0.278 0.174 KAP1 0.325 0.743 0.176 0.182 CH8 0.783 0.395 0.171 0.407 CH6 0.805 0.204 0.154 0.157 
KAP1 0.176 0.799 0.163 0.207 KAP12 0.211 0.879 0.124 0.25 KAP12 0.381 0.949 0.17 0.27 KAP12 0.222 0.853 0.093 0.194 
KAP11 0.106 0.815 0.08 0.215 KAP15 0.218 0.845 0.058 0.109 KAP15 0.35 0.949 0.168 0.295 KAP2 0.231 0.808 0.012 0.168 
KAP12 0.243 0.892 0.135 0.23 KAP2 0.276 0.848 0.157 0.229 KAP2 0.34 0.923 0.212 0.329 KAP4 0.307 0.722 0.246 0.222 
KAP15 0.244 0.928 0.131 0.216 KAP4 0.22 0.751 0.18 0.14 KAP4 0.393 0.937 0.17 0.267 KAP5 0.297 0.933 0.164 0.23 
KAP2 0.203 0.851 0.089 0.232 KAP5 0.205 0.756 0.109 0.161 KAP5 0.353 0.789 0.126 0.213 KAP7 0.213 0.816 0.069 0.189 
KAP5 0.286 0.869 0.174 0.211 KAP7 0.296 0.848 0.151 0.048 KAP8 0.309 0.898 0.196 0.241 KAP8 0.196 0.898 0.056 0.222 
KAP7 0.205 0.869 0.174 0.211 SCD10 0.252 0.139 0.906 0.124 KAP9 0.408 0.912 0.206 0.225 KAP9 0.338 0.925 0.178 0.234 
KAP8 0.192 0.919 0.115 0.229 SCD14 0.236 0.113 0.888 0.252 SCD13 0.231 0.181 0.925 0.158 SCD10 0.299 0.114 0.943 0.043 
KAP9 0.239 0.849 0.128 0.213 SCD7 0.378 0.205 0.913 0.172 SCD3 0.292 0.17 0.919 0.208 SCD14 0.193 0.094 0.859 −0.071 
SCD10 0.266 0.103 0.917 0.056 WASH1 0.126 0.084 0.143 0.827 SCD9 0.229 0.201 0.951 0.166 SCD7 0.351 0.191 0.944 0.054 
SCD14 0.241 0.108 0.885 0.048 WASH17 0.251 0.241 0.208 0.891 WASH1 0.396 0.246 0.167 0.749 WASH17 0.17 0.144 −0.003 0.778 
SCD7 0.345 0.176 0.922 0.1 WASH23 0.216 0.089 0.262 0.868 WASH18 0.332 0.306 0.156 0.807 WASH18 0.144 0.16 −0.042 0.803 
WASH1 0.132 0.217 0.042 0.845 WASH24 0.103 0.08 0.017 0.777 WASH20 0.104 0.105 −0.009 0.725 
WASH17 0.185 0.226 0.074 0.784 WASH28 0.165 0.163 0.124 0.897 WASH20 0.293 0.237 0.213 0.85 WASH23 0.241 0.226 0.026 0.88 
WASH18 0.193 0.216 0.084 0.761 WASH32 0.15 0.087 0.069 0.792 WASH24 0.053 0.163 −0.028 0.826 
WASH2 0.197 0.23 0.08 0.906 WASH32 0.15 0.087 0.069 0.792 WASH24 0.298 0.193 0.106 0.749 WASH28 0.191 0.281 0.088 0.912 
WASH20 0.187 0.149 0.057 0.778 
WASH23 0.181 0.178 0.073 0.824 WASH32 0.15 0.087 0.069 0.792 WASH25 0.288 0.098 0.211 0.694 WASH31 0.063 0.069 0.003 0.726 
WASH24 0.11 0.171 0.016 0.795 
WASH25 0.147 0.155 0.046 0.721 WASH39 0.225 0.241 0.195 0.947 WASH28 0.334 0.279 0.176 0.881 WASH39 0.145 0.194 0.068 0.84 
WASH28 0.195 0.247 0.086 0.902 
WASH31 0.091 0.092 −0.011 0.745 WASH4 0.177 0.29 0.149 0.866 WASH39 0.329 0.244 0.084 0.878 WASH4 0.138 0.231 − 0.045 0.859 
WASH39 0.167 0.21 0.091 0.884 
WASH4 0.178 0.23 0.043 0.847 WASH5 0.218 0.161 0.25 0.898 WASH4 0.342 0.217 0.149 0.849 WASH5 0.228 0.295 0.052 0.902 
WASH5 0.218 0.259 0.096 0.908 
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