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SmartPLS software facilitates the variance-based SEM, deriving the model fit statistics from the discrepancy that existed among the approximated and observed values of the dependent variable of the study and with the values predicted by the model. The findings for estimating the goodness-of-fit value which was found within prescribed limits as χ² (5217.391), d_ULS (1.791), d_G (0.651), SRMS (0.052), and RMS-Theta (0.123), see Table 5. On the basis of findings in Table 5, it is suggested that a higher level of safe WASH practice can improve the health conditions of individuals, families, and at community level, which reduced the unbearable economic expenses on medication and infrastructure in Pakistan.

Table 4

Descriptive results

Demographic characteristics	Description of characteristic	N	%
Age	18–24	54	10.8
	25–34	254	50.6
	35–44	165	32.9
	45–54	29	5.8
	Total	502	100
Qualification	1–5	56	11.2
	6–10	190	37.8
	11–12	120	23.9
	13–14	81	16.1
	15–16 or above	55	11.0
	Total	502	100
Occupation	House wife	363	72.3
	Job (Govt/Private)	98	19.5
	Agricultural/Labour	29	5.8
	Personal business	12	2.4
	Total	502	100
Family System	Nuclear	169	33.7
	Joint	289	57.6
	Extended	24	4.8
	Single Parent	17	3.4
	Any other	3	0.6
	Total	502	100
physical condition (Height and weight) of your child	Under weight	71	20.4
	Under height	173	49.7
	Both height and weight issues	65	18.7
	Weakness	39	11.2
	Total	348	100.0
Participation in WASH programme	Yes	160	31.9
	No	342	68.1
	Total	502	100.0

Demographic characteristics	Description of characteristic	N	%
Age	18–24	54	10.8
	25–34	254	50.6
	35–44	165	32.9
	45–54	29	5.8
	Total	502	100
Qualification	1–5	56	11.2
	6–10	190	37.8
	11–12	120	23.9
	13–14	81	16.1
	15–16 or above	55	11.0
	Total	502	100
Occupation	House wife	363	72.3
	Job (Govt/Private)	98	19.5
	Agricultural/Labour	29	5.8
	Personal business	12	2.4
	Total	502	100
Family System	Nuclear	169	33.7
	Joint	289	57.6
	Extended	24	4.8
	Single Parent	17	3.4
	Any other	3	0.6
	Total	502	100
physical condition (Height and weight) of your child	Under weight	71	20.4
	Under height	173	49.7
	Both height and weight issues	65	18.7
	Weakness	39	11.2
	Total	348	100.0
Participation in WASH programme	Yes	160	31.9
	No	342	68.1
	Total	502	100.0

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Table 5

Goodness-of-fit measures

	χ²	d_ULS	d_G	RMS_Theta	SRMR
SEM	5,217.391	1.791	0.651	0.123	0.052
Recommended value for model fit	p-value ≤ 0.05	d_ULS ≤99%	d_G ≤ 99%	RMS_Theta ≈ 0.000 or RMS_Theta ≤ 0.12	SRMR < 0.10

	χ²	d_ULS	d_G	RMS_Theta	SRMR
SEM	5,217.391	1.791	0.651	0.123	0.052
Recommended value for model fit	p-value ≤ 0.05	d_ULS ≤99%	d_G ≤ 99%	RMS_Theta ≈ 0.000 or RMS_Theta ≤ 0.12	SRMR < 0.10

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