To determine the FDSR, the demand of SRs and flow toward SR are compared. Table 1 presents flows obtained from simulation under various supply stages and design demands. Observations for Stage 2 have not been included because it lasts only for a few minutes. Observations based on FDSR during different supply stages reveal that the FDSR varied widely across the SRs and in various supply stages. As shown in Table 1, several SRs (R13, R23, R20, R18, R17, R14), typically with lower FSL (Supplementary Material, Figure S1-2), receive more flow than their design demand, and few SRs do not receive water (R22, R21, R19, R16, R15). These observations imply that flow distribution between SRs is not equitable. FDSR worsens after reaching Stage 3 as the number of SRs having zero inflow increases from 5 to 7, with a decrease in demand satisfaction for most of the other SRs. VDSR results reveal cumulative effect of entire supply period where several SRs (R13, R23, R20, R18, R17, R14) are overserved whereas the remaining SRs are underserved. The flow control devices are recommended to achieve equitable water distribution at pipe branch leading to overserved SRs. The goal of the WTN is to match supply and demand at the whole network and each individual SR. It is evident from Table 1 that the total WTN withdrawal under PDA is many folds higher than the design demand. Even under normal operation which have higher withdrawal, this increase in withdrawal is not distributed equally among SRs. This inequity demonstrates performance failure and need for the supply-side control to SRs.

Table 1

Demand satisfaction under various supply stages

S. No.Village SRDemand (LPS)Flow at Stage 1 start (LPS)Flow at Stage 1 end (LPS)Flow at Stage 3 (LPS)FDSRVDSR
R13 2.43 13.75 13.53 7.60 3.13–5.64 3.34 
R12 2.43 127.62 108.48 0–52.52 4.26 
R11 6.25 37.57 0–6.01 0.20 
R23 2.43 9.36 9.25 6.45 2.65–3.85 2.76 
R22 2.43 0–0 
R21 2.43 0–0 
R20 2.43 4.25 4.23 3.69 1.52–1.75 1.54 
R19 5.21 0–0 
R18 1.39 3.84 3.83 3.57 2.57–2.76 2.59 
10 R17 1.39 19.05 18.93 16.18 11.64–13.71 11.83 
11 R16 3.82 0–0 
12 R15 5.21 0–0 
13 R14 2.43 13.83 13.68 9.95 4.09–5.69 4.23 
S. No.Village SRDemand (LPS)Flow at Stage 1 start (LPS)Flow at Stage 1 end (LPS)Flow at Stage 3 (LPS)FDSRVDSR
R13 2.43 13.75 13.53 7.60 3.13–5.64 3.34 
R12 2.43 127.62 108.48 0–52.52 4.26 
R11 6.25 37.57 0–6.01 0.20 
R23 2.43 9.36 9.25 6.45 2.65–3.85 2.76 
R22 2.43 0–0 
R21 2.43 0–0 
R20 2.43 4.25 4.23 3.69 1.52–1.75 1.54 
R19 5.21 0–0 
R18 1.39 3.84 3.83 3.57 2.57–2.76 2.59 
10 R17 1.39 19.05 18.93 16.18 11.64–13.71 11.83 
11 R16 3.82 0–0 
12 R15 5.21 0–0 
13 R14 2.43 13.83 13.68 9.95 4.09–5.69 4.23 

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