The present study revealed that the steady infiltration rate varies considerably from 0.01 to 37.2 cm/h with an average of 7.3 cm/h (Figure 4). Setiawan et al. (2019) reported steady infiltration rate variation from 5.4 to 63.93 cm/h in the Lombok Island, Indonesia. Other researchers (Chen et al. 2014; Patle et al. 2018; Wang et al. 2018) also reported the similar findings. Meanwhile, various researchers reported infiltration rates different from the current study. The various infiltration rates are presented in Table 1. These kinds of variation in steady infiltration rate are presumed to be from the root and faunal microspores that exist in association with the land-use and variety of crop species (Harden & Scruggs 2003). Also, adoption of varying ring type and its diameter made it different from other studies’ findings.
Comparison of infiltration rates along with methodologies
| S.No. . | Country . | References . | Ring type . | Ring size (cm) . | ID . | IR . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diameter . | Height . | ||||||
| 1 | India | Kadam (2016) | SR | 10 | 13 | 3 | 2.65–6.73 |
| 2 | Spain | Cerda (1996) | SR | 7 | 15 | 6 | 25.6–46.8 |
| 3 | India | Mahapatra et al. (2020) | DR | 30/60 | NA | 10 | 0.08–10.51 |
| 4 | Kenya | Mireille et al. (2019) | DR | NA | NA | 15 | 7.88–89.14 |
| 5 | China | Wang et al. (2018) | DR | NA | 5.2 | 10 | 0.23–25.50 |
| 6 | Indonesia | Kusumandari & Marpaung (2019) | DR | NA | NA | NA | 3.6–11.2 |
| 7 | India | Nileshwari et al. (2016) | DR | 30/60 | NA | 10 | 4.34–6.06 |
| 8 | Spain | Neris et al. (2020) | DR | 25/50 | 25 | 10 | 6.7–79.6 |
| 9 | Nepal | Present Study | DR | 15/30 | 25 | 10 | 0.01–37.2 |
| S.No. . | Country . | References . | Ring type . | Ring size (cm) . | ID . | IR . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diameter . | Height . | ||||||
| 1 | India | Kadam (2016) | SR | 10 | 13 | 3 | 2.65–6.73 |
| 2 | Spain | Cerda (1996) | SR | 7 | 15 | 6 | 25.6–46.8 |
| 3 | India | Mahapatra et al. (2020) | DR | 30/60 | NA | 10 | 0.08–10.51 |
| 4 | Kenya | Mireille et al. (2019) | DR | NA | NA | 15 | 7.88–89.14 |
| 5 | China | Wang et al. (2018) | DR | NA | 5.2 | 10 | 0.23–25.50 |
| 6 | Indonesia | Kusumandari & Marpaung (2019) | DR | NA | NA | NA | 3.6–11.2 |
| 7 | India | Nileshwari et al. (2016) | DR | 30/60 | NA | 10 | 4.34–6.06 |
| 8 | Spain | Neris et al. (2020) | DR | 25/50 | 25 | 10 | 6.7–79.6 |
| 9 | Nepal | Present Study | DR | 15/30 | 25 | 10 | 0.01–37.2 |
SR, single ring; DR, double ring; IR, infiltration rate (cm/h); ID, inserted depth (cm).