Based on the criteria suggested by Moriasi et al. (2007), the accuracy of SWAT-CUP models was evaluated by different statistical parameters, such as R2, NSE, PBIAS, RMSE, and RSR. A comparison of the calibration and validation results of the different SWAT-CUP models are shown in Table 6. In both calibration and validation phases, CHIRPS, PERSIANN, and GPM models showed satisfactory to good competence in computing streamflows with R2, NSE, PBIAS, and RSR varying from 0.68 to 0.70 and 0.75 to 0.78, 0.62 to 0.67 and 0.73 to 0.76, −19.0 to −8.20% and −10.50 to +7.0%, and 0.57 to 0.62 and 0.49 to 0.52, respectively. Furthermore, the performance of the CMORPH model was poor, especially in its calibration phase, as the lowest R2 was 0.45 and NSE was 0.36, and highly underestimated streamflow prediction with PBIAS −22.6%. Based on Figure 6 and Table 6, the GPM model performed slightly better than the CHIRPS and PERSIANN models with a higher R2 and NSE, acceptable PBIAS and minimum RMSE and RSR. Previous studies by Popovych & Dunaieva (2021), Saddique et al. (2022), and Tang et al. (2020) have shown similar results.

Table 6

SWAT-CUP model performance using different SPDs

SPDs modelR2
NSE
PBIAS (%)
RMSE (m3/s)
RSR
Cal.Val.Cal.Val.Cal.Val.Cal.Val.Cal.Val.
GPM 0.70 0.75 0.66 0.73 −14.20 −9.40 365.94 261.61 0.58 0.52 
PERSIANN 0.70 0.76 0.62 0.74 −19.00 −10.50 386.49 257.16 0.62 0.51 
CHIRPS 0.68 0.78 0.67 0.76 −8.20 7.00 359.83 249.96 0.57 0.49 
CMORPH 0.45 0.62 0.36 0.61 −22.60 −6.00 499.96 316.04 0.80 0.62 
SPDs modelR2
NSE
PBIAS (%)
RMSE (m3/s)
RSR
Cal.Val.Cal.Val.Cal.Val.Cal.Val.Cal.Val.
GPM 0.70 0.75 0.66 0.73 −14.20 −9.40 365.94 261.61 0.58 0.52 
PERSIANN 0.70 0.76 0.62 0.74 −19.00 −10.50 386.49 257.16 0.62 0.51 
CHIRPS 0.68 0.78 0.67 0.76 −8.20 7.00 359.83 249.96 0.57 0.49 
CMORPH 0.45 0.62 0.36 0.61 −22.60 −6.00 499.96 316.04 0.80 0.62 

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