The performance evaluation of the different SWAT-ANN hybrid models for predicting daily streamflow at the training and testing phase is given in Table 7. According to Moriasi et al. (2007) criteria, GPM, PERSIANN, and CHIRPS SWAT-ANN hybrid models demonstrated very good competence in computing streamflows. As a result of the training and testing period, the performance indices R2, NSE, PBIAS, and RSR for GPM, PERSIANN, and CHIRPS SWAT-ANN hybrid models ranged from 0.86 to 0.90 and 0.82 to 0.89, 0.86 to 0.90 and 0.81 to 0.89, −0.53 to −0.02% and −0.4 to 5.16%, and 0.31 to 0.37 and 0.34 to 0.44, respectively. Furthermore, the performance of the CMORPH SWAT-ANN model was improved from satisfactory to good when compared with the calibrated SWAT-CUP model in predicting streamflow. The outcomes (Tables 6 and 7) revealed that the SWAT-ANN hybrid models are much better than the calibrated SWAT-CUP model.

Table 7

SWAT-ANN model performance using different SPDs

SPDs modelR2
NSE
PBIAS (%)
RMSE (m3/s)
RSR
TrainingTestingTrainingTestingTrainingTestingTrainingTestingTrainingTesting
GPM 0.90 0.89 0.90 0.89 −0.05 −0.07 186.53 201.51 0.31 0.34 
PERSIANN 0.88 0.83 0.88 0.83 −0.02 −0.40 210.39 243.87 0.35 0.41 
CHIRPS 0.86 0.82 0.86 0.81 −0.53 5.16 218.43 237.14 0.37 0.44 
CMORPH 0.80 0.71 0.80 0.70 −1.04 5.68 339.19 253.69 0.45 0.55 
SPDs modelR2
NSE
PBIAS (%)
RMSE (m3/s)
RSR
TrainingTestingTrainingTestingTrainingTestingTrainingTestingTrainingTesting
GPM 0.90 0.89 0.90 0.89 −0.05 −0.07 186.53 201.51 0.31 0.34 
PERSIANN 0.88 0.83 0.88 0.83 −0.02 −0.40 210.39 243.87 0.35 0.41 
CHIRPS 0.86 0.82 0.86 0.81 −0.53 5.16 218.43 237.14 0.37 0.44 
CMORPH 0.80 0.71 0.80 0.70 −1.04 5.68 339.19 253.69 0.45 0.55 

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