Based on the optimized parameters, SWAT-RF models were trained and tested to predict daily streamflows. These models were evaluated using the same performance indices, which are applied in previous sections as listed in Table 8. In terms of performance indices for training and testing of all the SWAT-RF hybrid models, the performance index R2, NSE, RMSE, and RSR ranged between 0.98 to 0.98 and 0.87 to 0.92, 0.98 to 0.98 and 0.87 to 0.92, 78.24 to 93.9 (m3/s) and 171.47 to 203.28 (m3/s), and 0.13 to 0.15 and 0.29 to 0.36, respectively. Additionally, PBIAS was less than 1%, indicating that all models accurately predicted streamflow. The accuracy of all RF models is excellent according to the criteria proposed by Moriasi et al. (2007). Furthermore, a comparison of Tables 6,7–8 indicated that the SWAT-RF hybrid model outperformed both SWAT-CUP and SWAT-ANN models.
SWAT-RF model performance using different SPDs
SPDs model . | R2 . | NSE . | PBIAS (%) . | RMSE (m3/s) . | RSR . | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Training . | Testing . | Training . | Testing . | Training . | Testing . | Training . | Testing . | Training . | Testing . | |
GPM | 0.98 | 0.92 | 0.98 | 0.92 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 78.24 | 171.47 | 0.13 | 0.29 |
PERSIANN | 0.98 | 0.90 | 0.98 | 0.90 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 85.25 | 193.14 | 0.14 | 0.32 |
CHIRPS | 0.98 | 0.89 | 0.98 | 0.89 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 88.50 | 196.50 | 0.15 | 0.33 |
CMORPH | 0.98 | 0.87 | 0.98 | 0.87 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 93.90 | 203.28 | 0.15 | 0.36 |
SPDs model . | R2 . | NSE . | PBIAS (%) . | RMSE (m3/s) . | RSR . | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Training . | Testing . | Training . | Testing . | Training . | Testing . | Training . | Testing . | Training . | Testing . | |
GPM | 0.98 | 0.92 | 0.98 | 0.92 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 78.24 | 171.47 | 0.13 | 0.29 |
PERSIANN | 0.98 | 0.90 | 0.98 | 0.90 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 85.25 | 193.14 | 0.14 | 0.32 |
CHIRPS | 0.98 | 0.89 | 0.98 | 0.89 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 88.50 | 196.50 | 0.15 | 0.33 |
CMORPH | 0.98 | 0.87 | 0.98 | 0.87 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 93.90 | 203.28 | 0.15 | 0.36 |