The remote sensing data, its products and the earth data models used in this research are given in Table 2. Also in this table, the specifications related to the name of the satellite or radar, sensor and model used in the relevant product, the developer organization, as well as their spatial and temporal accuracy are given. The last column of this table lists the statistical year used for each product. The time series selected for all this data and products is the 8-day time series of MODIS sensor products (MOD09Q1 and MOD11A2) for both 2010 and 2014 from Julian day 65 (corresponding to March 6) to Julian day 265 (corresponding to September 22) and a total of 26 images were selected.
Specifications of remote sensing and earth model data and products used in soil surface moisture remote sensing
| Product . | Satellite/Sensor/Radar/Model . | Spectral band/product . | Spatial resolution (m) . | Temporal resolution . | Developer organization . | Year . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MOD09Q1 | MODIS/Terra | Bands 1 and 2 of Modis | 250 | 8 days | NASA | 2010, 2014 |
| MOD11A2 | MODIS/Terra | LST | 1,000 | 8 days | NASA | 2010, 2014 |
| CCIa | ERS-1/2, METOPb, TMI, SMMRc, AMSR-E, SSM/I, Windsat | Soil surface moisture | 25,000 | Daily | ESA-CCI | 2010, 2014 |
| LPRM | AMSR-E/Aqua | Soil surface moisture | 25,000 | Daily | NASA | 2010 |
| LPRM | AMSR2, GCOM/W1d | Soil surface moisture | 10,000 | Daily | NASA, JAXA | 2014 |
| AMSR-E | Aqua | Soil surface moisture | 25,000 | Daily | NASA | 2010 |
| GLDAS-Noahe | Ground and satellite data of various sources | Soil surface moisture | 25,000 | 3 h | NASA | 2014 |
| Product . | Satellite/Sensor/Radar/Model . | Spectral band/product . | Spatial resolution (m) . | Temporal resolution . | Developer organization . | Year . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MOD09Q1 | MODIS/Terra | Bands 1 and 2 of Modis | 250 | 8 days | NASA | 2010, 2014 |
| MOD11A2 | MODIS/Terra | LST | 1,000 | 8 days | NASA | 2010, 2014 |
| CCIa | ERS-1/2, METOPb, TMI, SMMRc, AMSR-E, SSM/I, Windsat | Soil surface moisture | 25,000 | Daily | ESA-CCI | 2010, 2014 |
| LPRM | AMSR-E/Aqua | Soil surface moisture | 25,000 | Daily | NASA | 2010 |
| LPRM | AMSR2, GCOM/W1d | Soil surface moisture | 10,000 | Daily | NASA, JAXA | 2014 |
| AMSR-E | Aqua | Soil surface moisture | 25,000 | Daily | NASA | 2010 |
| GLDAS-Noahe | Ground and satellite data of various sources | Soil surface moisture | 25,000 | 3 h | NASA | 2014 |
aClimate Change Initiative.
bMeteorological Operational Satellite Program.
cScanning Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer.
dGlobal Change Observation Mission – Water 1.
eGlobal Land Data Assimilation System/Noah.