Physically based models require both spatial and temporal data. The input data used include soil maps, land use land cover (LULC) maps, digital elevation models (DEM), meteorological data and runoff data. The meteorological data used for this study, such as 20 years of daily minimum and maximum temperatures and rainfall from six meteorological stations in the study area, were collected from the Ethiopian National Meteorological Agency. Similarly, 20 years of daily runoff data (at Abura station) needed for validation and calibration of the proposed models were collected from the Ethiopian Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity. The statistics of the daily runoff data at the Abura hydrometry station and the Thiessen polygon average precipitation (from six stations) are shown in Table 1. From the total of 20 years of daily data, the first 2 years of data (1998–1999) were used for the warming period, 12 years of data (from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2017) were used for the calibration of the models and 6 years of data (from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2005) were used for validation.

Table 1

Descriptive statistics of daily runoff and rainfall data

Data typePeriodStatistical parameters
MinimumAverageMaximumSDCoefficient of variation
Discharge (m3/s) Calibration 0.106 12.05 152.033 20.062 1.6 
Validation 1.188 13.4 110.624 20.01 1.4935 
Whole 0.106 12.5 152.033 19.54 1.563 
Calibration 2.5145 71.2 4.806 1.911 
Rainfall (mm) Validation 2.835 61 6.352 2.24 
Whole 2.6215 71.2 5.3732 2.05 
Data typePeriodStatistical parameters
MinimumAverageMaximumSDCoefficient of variation
Discharge (m3/s) Calibration 0.106 12.05 152.033 20.062 1.6 
Validation 1.188 13.4 110.624 20.01 1.4935 
Whole 0.106 12.5 152.033 19.54 1.563 
Calibration 2.5145 71.2 4.806 1.911 
Rainfall (mm) Validation 2.835 61 6.352 2.24 
Whole 2.6215 71.2 5.3732 2.05 

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