As shown in Table 4, the column adsorption performance of the current composite is very good compared to that of the other materials used in previous studies. The studies listed in Table 4 have shown large differences in feed concentration, flow rates, and not all their data are directly comparable. The higher the feed concentration, the earlier the bed is saturated and the earlier the breakthrough is expected to occur. Similarly, the higher the flow rate (in units of BV/h), the higher the mass transfer resistance and the earlier the breakthrough.
Adsorption of phosphate in columns packed with various separation materials (masses of phosphate are given as elemental phosphorus)
| Adsorbent . | Fixed bed dimension . | Column operation . | Column performance . | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Dp (mm) . | mads (g) . | d (cm) . | h (cm) . | BV (mL) . | C0 (mg P/L) . | Q (mL/min) . | Q (BV/h) . | Vb (BVs) . | qb (mg P/g) . | qe (mg P/g) . |
| MOF/LDH/PAN composite (this study) | 2.38 | 5.28 | 2.5 | 10 | 49.09 | 55.51 | 1.636 | 2 | 38.0 | 18.92 | 36.93 |
| Al2O3/calcium alginate composite (Ai et al. (2022)) | ∼3.25 | 6 | 2 | 12.5 | 39.25 | 4.97 | 3 | 4.59 | 71.1 | 2.27 | 7.08 |
| Modified biochar calcium alginate bead (Jung et al. (2017)) | 1.85 | 1 | 15 | 11.78 | 13.04 | 5 | 25.48 | 25.3 | 1.89 | ||
| HFeO dispersed within anion exchange resin (IRA-400) (Ramirez et al. (2018)) | ∼0.49 | 1.22 | 1.1 | 2 | 1.9 | 100 | 1 | 31.58 | 87.9 | 34.64 | |
| La(III)-chelex-100 resin (Wu et al. (2007)) | 0.3–0.15 | 2 | 1 | 2.55 | 2 | 154.85 | 3 | 90 | 10.0 | 3.04 | |
| Andosol-bagasse 50/50 mixture (Woumfo et al. (2015)) | ≤0.16 | 1 | 3.1 | 1.8 | 13.58 | 3.26 | 4 | 17.67 | 17.7 | 1.36 | |
| MgOP composite (Ye et al. (2019)) | 0.074 | 4 | 4 | 5.2 | 65.31 | 6.52 | 16 | 14.7 | 9.6 | 3.12 | |
| Adsorbent . | Fixed bed dimension . | Column operation . | Column performance . | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Dp (mm) . | mads (g) . | d (cm) . | h (cm) . | BV (mL) . | C0 (mg P/L) . | Q (mL/min) . | Q (BV/h) . | Vb (BVs) . | qb (mg P/g) . | qe (mg P/g) . |
| MOF/LDH/PAN composite (this study) | 2.38 | 5.28 | 2.5 | 10 | 49.09 | 55.51 | 1.636 | 2 | 38.0 | 18.92 | 36.93 |
| Al2O3/calcium alginate composite (Ai et al. (2022)) | ∼3.25 | 6 | 2 | 12.5 | 39.25 | 4.97 | 3 | 4.59 | 71.1 | 2.27 | 7.08 |
| Modified biochar calcium alginate bead (Jung et al. (2017)) | 1.85 | 1 | 15 | 11.78 | 13.04 | 5 | 25.48 | 25.3 | 1.89 | ||
| HFeO dispersed within anion exchange resin (IRA-400) (Ramirez et al. (2018)) | ∼0.49 | 1.22 | 1.1 | 2 | 1.9 | 100 | 1 | 31.58 | 87.9 | 34.64 | |
| La(III)-chelex-100 resin (Wu et al. (2007)) | 0.3–0.15 | 2 | 1 | 2.55 | 2 | 154.85 | 3 | 90 | 10.0 | 3.04 | |
| Andosol-bagasse 50/50 mixture (Woumfo et al. (2015)) | ≤0.16 | 1 | 3.1 | 1.8 | 13.58 | 3.26 | 4 | 17.67 | 17.7 | 1.36 | |
| MgOP composite (Ye et al. (2019)) | 0.074 | 4 | 4 | 5.2 | 65.31 | 6.52 | 16 | 14.7 | 9.6 | 3.12 | |
Dp, particle size (diameter) of adsorbent; mads, adsorbent mass; d, column inner diameter; h, bed height; BV, bed volume; C0, feed concentration; P, phosphorus; Q, flow rate; Vb, breakthrough point; qb, uptake of P at breakthrough point; qe, uptake of P at equilibrium; MOF/LDH/PAN, metal organic framework/layered double hydroxide/polyacrylonitrile; MgOP, magnesia-pullulan composite.