Table 2 presents pollutant factors that are grouped into four categories: water supply factors, drainage factors, air pollutant factors and solid waste factors. Each category includes several sub-factors that contribute to perceived health risks in the context of Indian villages. The perceived health risk factors listed in the table include hypertension, cancer, heart disease, gastrointestinal illness, asthma/COPD, psychiatric disease, frequent diarrhoea, skin problems and frequent illness. The table provides a comprehensive list of the factors that the study considered in developing a new model for health risk assessment that is coherent with quantitative benchmark-based health risks and considers multiple pollutant factors.

Table 2

Pollutant factors

Water supply factors Source of drinking water (F1) 
Storage of drinking water (F2) 
Replacement frequency (F3) 
Cleaning frequency (F4) 
Quality of water (F5) 
Drainage factors Canal availability (F6) 
Type of drainage (F7) 
Kind of drainage system (F8) 
Water stagnant (F9) 
Breeding of insects (F10) 
Toilet availability (F11) 
Human waste disposal (F12) 
Maintenance frequency (F13) 
Air pollutant factors Type of roads (F14) 
Place of cooking (F15) 
House ventilation (F16) 
Kitchen ventilation (F17) 
Type of cooking fuel (F18) 
Cigarette use (F19) 
Solid waste factors Garbage piled up nearby (F20) 
Garbage is strewn on the ground (F21) 
Disposal facility (F22) 
Pumping of livestock solid waste (F23) 
Percentage composition of waste (F24) 
Perceived health risk factors Hypertension (F25) 
Cancer (F26) 
Heart disease (F27) 
Gastrointestinal illness (F28) 
Asthma/COPD (F29) 
Psychiatric disease (F30) 
frequent diarrhoea (F31) 
Skin problems (F32) 
Frequent illness (F33) 
Water supply factors Source of drinking water (F1) 
Storage of drinking water (F2) 
Replacement frequency (F3) 
Cleaning frequency (F4) 
Quality of water (F5) 
Drainage factors Canal availability (F6) 
Type of drainage (F7) 
Kind of drainage system (F8) 
Water stagnant (F9) 
Breeding of insects (F10) 
Toilet availability (F11) 
Human waste disposal (F12) 
Maintenance frequency (F13) 
Air pollutant factors Type of roads (F14) 
Place of cooking (F15) 
House ventilation (F16) 
Kitchen ventilation (F17) 
Type of cooking fuel (F18) 
Cigarette use (F19) 
Solid waste factors Garbage piled up nearby (F20) 
Garbage is strewn on the ground (F21) 
Disposal facility (F22) 
Pumping of livestock solid waste (F23) 
Percentage composition of waste (F24) 
Perceived health risk factors Hypertension (F25) 
Cancer (F26) 
Heart disease (F27) 
Gastrointestinal illness (F28) 
Asthma/COPD (F29) 
Psychiatric disease (F30) 
frequent diarrhoea (F31) 
Skin problems (F32) 
Frequent illness (F33) 

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