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Each homogenous region is composed of several sub-divisions whose rainfall data at annual and seasonal scales were available. Based on the Sen's slope, 14 sub-divisions having a high value of Sen's slope were identified and their annual and monsoon season data were used for change point and trend analysis in the similar fashion as for the homogenous regions. Results of the Pettitt change point test, MK test and Sen's slope are presented in Table 5. It is noted from Table 5 that out of 14 sub-divisions, only four sub-divisions have a positive value of Sen's slope which indicates rising rainfalls. Sen's slope values for 10 sub-divisions are negative, meaning thereby that the rainfalls are falling and this behavior is pervasive. The magnitude of positive values of Sen's slope for the annual data varied from 3.92 to 27.8; the negative values ranged from −1.83 to −45.6; for the monsoon season, the negative values ranged from −3.0 to −44.0.

Table 5

Change point location, Sen's slope, and MK test results for annual and monsoon rainfall series selected sub-divisions

Sub-division	Region	Change point location	Sen's slope	MK test: p- and Z-value
Sub-division	Region	Change point location	Sen's slope	p-value	Z-value
Assam & Meghalaya–monsoon	NE	86	−17.7	0.279	−1.081
Annual	NE	86	−24.7	0.238	−1.178
Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram & Tripura (NMMT) – monsoon	NE	86	−28.59	0.0146^a	−2.442
Annual	NE	86	−44.0	0.027^a	−2.217
Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim – monsoon	NE	86	3.92	0.875	0.158
Annual	NE	86	3.43	0.923	0.0972
Gangetic West Bengal – monsoon	NE	96	−1.83	0.918	−0.103
Annual	NE	96	11	0.711	0.371
Orissa – monsoon	Central NE	96	27.8	0.115	1.578
Annual	Central NE	96	36.89	0.069^a	1.819
Jharkhand – monsoon	Central NE	83	−5.19	0.639	−0.469
Annual	Central NE	83	5.37	0.669	0.434
Bihar – monsoon	Central NE	52	−4	0.576	−0.559
Annual	Central NE	52	−3	0.690	−0.399
East Uttar Pradesh – monsoon	Central NE	115	−37.74	0.212	−1.249
Annual	Central NE	115	−45.6	0.243	−1.168
West Uttar Pradesh – monsoon	Central NE	115	−26.98	0.390	−0.859
Annual	Central NE	115	−34.8	0.178	−1.346
East Madhya Pradesh – monsoon	West Central	91	−19.88	0.358	−0.919
Annual	West Central	91	−11.25	0.011	−2.53
Chhatisgarh – monsoon	West Central	91	5.7	0.661	0.438
Annual	West Central	91	9.61	0.636	0.475
East Rajasthan – monsoon	North-West	24	−18.29	0.061	−1.874
Annual	North-West	24	−14.35	0.214	−1.242
Kerala – monsoon	North-West	92	−45.03	0.201	−1.278
Annual	North-West	92	−13.43	0.772	−0.29
Saurashtra – monsoon	Peninsular	132	5.43	0.921	0.099
Annual	Peninsular	Whole series	4.182	0.271	1.102

Sub-division	Region	Change point location	Sen's slope	MK test: p- and Z-value
Sub-division	Region	Change point location	Sen's slope	p-value	Z-value
Assam & Meghalaya–monsoon	NE	86	−17.7	0.279	−1.081
Annual	NE	86	−24.7	0.238	−1.178
Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram & Tripura (NMMT) – monsoon	NE	86	−28.59	0.0146^a	−2.442
Annual	NE	86	−44.0	0.027^a	−2.217
Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim – monsoon	NE	86	3.92	0.875	0.158
Annual	NE	86	3.43	0.923	0.0972
Gangetic West Bengal – monsoon	NE	96	−1.83	0.918	−0.103
Annual	NE	96	11	0.711	0.371
Orissa – monsoon	Central NE	96	27.8	0.115	1.578
Annual	Central NE	96	36.89	0.069^a	1.819
Jharkhand – monsoon	Central NE	83	−5.19	0.639	−0.469
Annual	Central NE	83	5.37	0.669	0.434
Bihar – monsoon	Central NE	52	−4	0.576	−0.559
Annual	Central NE	52	−3	0.690	−0.399
East Uttar Pradesh – monsoon	Central NE	115	−37.74	0.212	−1.249
Annual	Central NE	115	−45.6	0.243	−1.168
West Uttar Pradesh – monsoon	Central NE	115	−26.98	0.390	−0.859
Annual	Central NE	115	−34.8	0.178	−1.346
East Madhya Pradesh – monsoon	West Central	91	−19.88	0.358	−0.919
Annual	West Central	91	−11.25	0.011	−2.53
Chhatisgarh – monsoon	West Central	91	5.7	0.661	0.438
Annual	West Central	91	9.61	0.636	0.475
East Rajasthan – monsoon	North-West	24	−18.29	0.061	−1.874
Annual	North-West	24	−14.35	0.214	−1.242
Kerala – monsoon	North-West	92	−45.03	0.201	−1.278
Annual	North-West	92	−13.43	0.772	−0.29
Saurashtra – monsoon	Peninsular	132	5.43	0.921	0.099
Annual	Peninsular	Whole series	4.182	0.271	1.102

^aSignificant at 5% significance level.

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