Geographically, cropland is distributed mainly in the central and eastern parts of Henan Province, forest is distributed mainly in the western part of Henan Province, water is distributed mainly in the southwest part of Henan Province, and settlement is distributed mainly in several central and northern cities with Zhengzhou at the center. In the past 20 years, the areas of arable land, grassland, and undeveloped land have gradually decreased, while the areas of water and construction land has gradually increased, and the area of forestland has been maintained at approximately 16.25%. However, as a large agricultural province, the proportion of arable land in Henan Province has always been greater than 70%. The land use change matrix calculated by ArcGIS from 1999 to 2019 is organized as follows (Table 3).