WQI values give a clear representation of the utilisation of lake water for drinking and other purposes. Calculated results have revealed that WQI values range from 32.8 to 94.75 with a mean value of 72.91 and most of the samples fell under ‘Poor’ categories (except S1, ‘Good’) during the pre-monsoon (Table 3). While in post-monsoon, the WQI varies from 25.31 to 94.75 with an average of 44.47 and the majority of samples were of ‘Good’ water quality (except S5, ‘Poor’ and S6, ‘Moderate’). WQI values of lake water demonstrate notable variations in the quality of water in various sampling locations (Figure 2). A maximum decline in water quality is observed at sampling point S5, due to the discharge of wastewater and raw sewage from nearby human settlements. The obtained results infer that the lake's water quality in some locations is at an alarming stage. Therefore, necessary initiatives and measures should be taken on an urgent basis for proper management of the lake and restoration of the lake ecosystem to achieve the desired water quality.
Table 3

Lake water quality classification using WQI and organic pollution status (OPI)

WQI
Sampling stationsPre-monsoon
Post-monsoon
WOIClassStatusWOIClassStatus
S1 32.80 Good 25.31 Good 
S2 69.09 Moderate 36.02 Good 
S3 79.81 Poor 31.35 Good 
S4 90.58 Poor 31.98 Good 
S5 94.75 Poor 78.58 Poor 
S6 70.41 Poor 63.59 Moderate 
Mean ± SD 72.91 ± 22.21 Moderate 44.47 ± 21.43 Good 
OPI
Sampling stationsPre-monsoon
Post-monsoon
OPIClassStatusOPIClassStatus
S1 1.02 II Begin to contaminated 0.95 Good 
S2 4.56 Heavily polluted 1.48 III Begin to contaminated 
S3 6.30 Heavily polluted 1.27 III Begin to contaminated 
S4 7.41 Heavily polluted 1.20 III Begin to contaminated 
S5 8.38 Heavily polluted 6.24 Heavily polluted 
S6 4.69 Heavily polluted 4.78 Heavily polluted 
Mean ± SD 5.39 ± 2.61 Heavily polluted 2.65 ± 2.27 III Lightly polluted 
WQI
Sampling stationsPre-monsoon
Post-monsoon
WOIClassStatusWOIClassStatus
S1 32.80 Good 25.31 Good 
S2 69.09 Moderate 36.02 Good 
S3 79.81 Poor 31.35 Good 
S4 90.58 Poor 31.98 Good 
S5 94.75 Poor 78.58 Poor 
S6 70.41 Poor 63.59 Moderate 
Mean ± SD 72.91 ± 22.21 Moderate 44.47 ± 21.43 Good 
OPI
Sampling stationsPre-monsoon
Post-monsoon
OPIClassStatusOPIClassStatus
S1 1.02 II Begin to contaminated 0.95 Good 
S2 4.56 Heavily polluted 1.48 III Begin to contaminated 
S3 6.30 Heavily polluted 1.27 III Begin to contaminated 
S4 7.41 Heavily polluted 1.20 III Begin to contaminated 
S5 8.38 Heavily polluted 6.24 Heavily polluted 
S6 4.69 Heavily polluted 4.78 Heavily polluted 
Mean ± SD 5.39 ± 2.61 Heavily polluted 2.65 ± 2.27 III Lightly polluted 
Figure 2

WQI in lake water during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons.

Figure 2

WQI in lake water during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons.

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