The majority (94.5%) of the respondents use piped water supply, 2.5% use spring water, and 3% use hand-dug wells. However, the piped water flows in an on-and-off manner for a few hours that customers store water in containers to use until the water comes again. Improper storage may result in contamination (Gizachew et al. 2020). To overcome the existing water supply shortage, the community uses untreated alternative sources of water, such as surface water, spring, and rainwater (in the rainy season), and 76.9% of them hand-dug wells. Thus, due to the intermittent supply of piped water, people are forced to use water from unimproved sources that may be contaminated with infectious microorganisms and may be subject to waterborne diseases (Kumpel & Nelson 2016). Table 6 gives the reasons for limited access to water and equity of distribution.