Continuous adsorption studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of a fixed-bed adsorption column. A glass column with an internal diameter of 2 cm and a length of 30 cm was used for laboratory-scale column experiments. The column was designed on the data from our earlier batch-scale experiments. The desired quantity of P(St-DVB)/CuNi BNC microspheres was packed as an interlayer between two supporting layers of glass wool to prevent any loss of adsorbent during elution. After filling, the columns were initially flushed with distilled water in a down flow mode for 1 h, to rinse and equilibrate the adsorbent particles. Experiments were carried out by pumping the heavy metal solution of known concentrations through the column at room temperature (298 K) and an optimal pH. The effluent was collected from the column's outflow regularly and kept for analysis. The concentration of heavy metals present in the column effluent samples was measured using ICP-OES. To ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of all the data, each experiment was performed in triplicate and the mean values were used in the data analysis. The percentage standard deviation of the experiments was calculated. The effect of various process parameters, such as initial concentration, flow rate, and bed height, on the breakthrough curves and amount of metal removed were investigated. The experimental conditions in Table 1 were varied to quantitatively evaluate their effects on metal adsorption.
Experimental condition for fixed-bed column study
Metals . | Initial metal concentration (mg/L) . | Flow rate (mL/min) . | Bed height (cm) . | pH . |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pb | 10, 50,100 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
50 | 1,2,3 | 2 | 5 | |
50 | 2 | 2,4,6 | 5 | |
Cd | 10, 50,100 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
50 | 1,2,3 | 2 | 7 | |
50 | 2 | 2,4,6 | 7 | |
Zn | 10, 50,100 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
50 | 1,2,3 | 2 | 7 | |
50 | 2 | 2,4,6 | 7 |
Metals . | Initial metal concentration (mg/L) . | Flow rate (mL/min) . | Bed height (cm) . | pH . |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pb | 10, 50,100 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
50 | 1,2,3 | 2 | 5 | |
50 | 2 | 2,4,6 | 5 | |
Cd | 10, 50,100 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
50 | 1,2,3 | 2 | 7 | |
50 | 2 | 2,4,6 | 7 | |
Zn | 10, 50,100 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
50 | 1,2,3 | 2 | 7 | |
50 | 2 | 2,4,6 | 7 |