The UV-Fenton and Fenton processes reduced the level of DEHP and DBP, and also are considered as appropriate methods for treating concentrated solutions (Wang et al. 2016a, 2016b). According to Şolpan & Mehrnia (2018), phthalate degradation is affected by H2O2 concentration, and irradiation dose. When there is an increase in the amount of hydrogen peroxide, the degradation process is enhanced. DEP removal was enhanced when the Fe(III)/PMS process was combined with C-60 fullerenol (Zhou et al. 2020a, 2020b). According to Qi et al. 2020 combination of sono-Fenton with a photocatalytic process under visible light (Vis/P25) enhanced the mineralization process for DMP and DEP degradation, where better results were obtained for DMP degradation. Table 5 indicates the Fenton oxidation/Fenton-like processes with modifications for phthalate degradation with the removal efficiency.
Fenton oxidation/Fenton-like processes for phthalate degradation
| Phthalate . | Catalyst/Method . | Removal efficiency (%) . | Type of Fenton process . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMP | MOF(2Fe/Co)/CA cathode | 85 (120 min) | Solar photo-electro-Fenton process | Zhao et al. (2017) |
| Quinone-like substances | 100 (240 min) | Fenton-like process | Xiao et al. (2020) | |
| Graphite felt activated by KOH | 100 (45 min) | Electro-Fenton cathode | Wang et al. (2015) | |
| Fe-Cu embedded Carbon aerogel | 92 (240 min) | Electro-Fenton process | Zhao et al. (2018a, 2018b) | |
| Fe@NdFeB/AC magnetic catalyst | 85.2 (120 min) | Heterogeneous Fenton-like process | Yang et al. (2019) | |
| Fe (II)/PMS-fulvic acid | 85.70 | Fenton-like process | Ding et al. (2022) | |
| DEP | Zero valent copper (ZVC) | 100 (120 min) | Fenton-like process | Wen et al. (2014) |
| Biphase Co@C core-shell catalyst (CaCO3and Co3O4) | 100 | Catalytic oxidation – Fenton-like process | Ma et al. (2022a, 2022b, 2022c) | |
| Vanadium (V) oxides/H2O2/oxalic acid | 92 (240 min) | VO2-Fenton-like process | Huang et al. (2021) | |
| Ferrous sulfate, Ferric oxide, Pyrite and FeF2 | 100 (300 min) | Homo and heterogeneous Fenton oxidation | Bensalah et al. (2019) | |
| Pyrite (FeS2)/CaO2 system | 78 | Catalytic oxidation | Zhou et al. (2020a, 2020b) | |
| DBP | U/Fe2+, UV/Fe2+ and US/UV/Fe2+ | 100 (75 min) | Sono-photo-Fenton treatment process | Xu et al. (2014) |
| FeMnCu5%i/H2O2 | 95 | Heterogeneous Fenton-like processes | Ziembowicz et al. (2021) | |
| DEHP | Fe3+/PCA/H2O2 | 92 (240 min) | Surfactant-enhanced Fenton-like system | Zhao et al. (2018a, 2018b) |
| Phthalate . | Catalyst/Method . | Removal efficiency (%) . | Type of Fenton process . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMP | MOF(2Fe/Co)/CA cathode | 85 (120 min) | Solar photo-electro-Fenton process | Zhao et al. (2017) |
| Quinone-like substances | 100 (240 min) | Fenton-like process | Xiao et al. (2020) | |
| Graphite felt activated by KOH | 100 (45 min) | Electro-Fenton cathode | Wang et al. (2015) | |
| Fe-Cu embedded Carbon aerogel | 92 (240 min) | Electro-Fenton process | Zhao et al. (2018a, 2018b) | |
| Fe@NdFeB/AC magnetic catalyst | 85.2 (120 min) | Heterogeneous Fenton-like process | Yang et al. (2019) | |
| Fe (II)/PMS-fulvic acid | 85.70 | Fenton-like process | Ding et al. (2022) | |
| DEP | Zero valent copper (ZVC) | 100 (120 min) | Fenton-like process | Wen et al. (2014) |
| Biphase Co@C core-shell catalyst (CaCO3and Co3O4) | 100 | Catalytic oxidation – Fenton-like process | Ma et al. (2022a, 2022b, 2022c) | |
| Vanadium (V) oxides/H2O2/oxalic acid | 92 (240 min) | VO2-Fenton-like process | Huang et al. (2021) | |
| Ferrous sulfate, Ferric oxide, Pyrite and FeF2 | 100 (300 min) | Homo and heterogeneous Fenton oxidation | Bensalah et al. (2019) | |
| Pyrite (FeS2)/CaO2 system | 78 | Catalytic oxidation | Zhou et al. (2020a, 2020b) | |
| DBP | U/Fe2+, UV/Fe2+ and US/UV/Fe2+ | 100 (75 min) | Sono-photo-Fenton treatment process | Xu et al. (2014) |
| FeMnCu5%i/H2O2 | 95 | Heterogeneous Fenton-like processes | Ziembowicz et al. (2021) | |
| DEHP | Fe3+/PCA/H2O2 | 92 (240 min) | Surfactant-enhanced Fenton-like system | Zhao et al. (2018a, 2018b) |