The average concentrations of HMs at Tongi canal (discharge point of wastewater of textile industries situated at Tongi BSCIC) were higher than the standard limit (Table 3) except for zinc (0.992 mg/L), copper (0.114 mg/L), nickel (0.016 mg/L), manganese (0.099 mg/L), and magnesium (18.50 mg/L). These metals were well under the limit for drinking water set by the Environmental Conservation Rules, Bangladesh, 1997 (ECR 1997). The surface water of Tongi canal was found to be heavily polluted during the data collection phase by a high concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe. The mean concentrations of these metals were, respectively, 0.099, 0.016, 0.056, and 6.07 mg/L (Table 3). Different types of industries including metal industries, jute, pharmaceutical, and food manufacturing along with textile industries are available in Tongi (Rahman et al. 2012) which are the major sources of pollution in th Turag river and Tongi canal.

Table 3

Concentrations of HMs at discharge points

LocationHeavy metalConcentration (mg/L)
Upstream
Downstream
Sample 1Sample 2Sample 3Sample 4Sample 5Sample 6Sample 7Sample 8Sample 9Sample 10Mean± Standard DeviationPermissible Limit (ECR'97a)
Tongi Cr 0.061 0.058 0.063 0.042 0.059 0.062 0.06 0.049 0.049 0.058 0.056 ± 0.007 0.05 
Zn 0.99 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.01 1.02 0.98 0.97 1 1.01 0.992 ± 0.017 5 
Fe 5.92 6.27 6.15 5.63 6.2 5.99 6.17 5.95 6.27 6.15 6.07 ± 0.19 1 
Pb 0.09 0.12 0.1 0.12 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.099 ± 0.014 0.05 
Cu 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.1 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.1 0.12 0.114 ± 0.009 1 
Ni 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.016 ± 0.005 0.1 
Cd 0.018 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016 ± 0.001 0.005 
Mn 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.1 0.1 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.099 ± 0.008 0.1 
Mg 11.4 23.5 17.8 15.43 21.22 15.18 14.9 21.89 22.4 21.32 18.50 ± 3.89 30–35 
Shitalakhya Cr 0.051 0.044 0.067 0.037 0.059 0.051 0.064 0.067 0.047 0.039 0.053 ± 0.011 0.05 
Zn 0.18 0.18 0.14 0.33 0.23 0.14 0.33 0.28 0.22 0.24 0.227 ± 0.066 5 
Fe 5.28 12.65 8.97 10.11 9.35 11.57 9.65 10.88 12.33 8.06 9.885 ± 2.079 1 
Pb 0.07 0.1 0.09 0.12 0.1 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.1 0.08 0.10 ± 0.02 0.05 
Cu 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.018 ± 0.007 1 
Ni 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.029 ± 0.014 0.1 
Cd 0.019 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.019 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.016 ± 0.002 0.005 
Mn 0.12 0.1 0.12 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.09 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.108 ± 0.012 0.1 
Mg 28.2 39.5 34 32.81 30.6 32.78 31.99 32.54 35.77 34.3 33.25 ± 2.87 30–35 
Dhaleshwari Cr 9.29 12.03 10.8 9.35 11.53 10.24 9.56 9.81 10.55 11.98 10.514 ± 0.995 0.05 
Zn 0.18 0.09 0.11 0.08 0.1 0.09 0.11 0.15 0.08 0.12 0.111 ± 0.030 5 
Fe 7.66 10.23 6.18 7.88 10.04 8.46 11.28 6.79 7.8 9.94 8.626 ± 1.578 1 
Pb 0.15 0.27 0.21 0.19 0.24 0.25 0.27 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.215 ± 0.039 0.05 
Cu 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.015 ± 0.005 1 
Ni 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.024 ± 0.005 0.1 
Cd 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.015 ± 0.001 0.005 
Mn 0.1 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.1 0.12 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.09 0.10 ± 0.01 0.1 
Mg 45.7 52.4 48.5 48.78 51.97 49.5 51.61 46.43 52.33 47.21 49.44 ± 2.40 30–35 
LocationHeavy metalConcentration (mg/L)
Upstream
Downstream
Sample 1Sample 2Sample 3Sample 4Sample 5Sample 6Sample 7Sample 8Sample 9Sample 10Mean± Standard DeviationPermissible Limit (ECR'97a)
Tongi Cr 0.061 0.058 0.063 0.042 0.059 0.062 0.06 0.049 0.049 0.058 0.056 ± 0.007 0.05 
Zn 0.99 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.01 1.02 0.98 0.97 1 1.01 0.992 ± 0.017 5 
Fe 5.92 6.27 6.15 5.63 6.2 5.99 6.17 5.95 6.27 6.15 6.07 ± 0.19 1 
Pb 0.09 0.12 0.1 0.12 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.099 ± 0.014 0.05 
Cu 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.1 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.1 0.12 0.114 ± 0.009 1 
Ni 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.016 ± 0.005 0.1 
Cd 0.018 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016 ± 0.001 0.005 
Mn 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.1 0.1 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.099 ± 0.008 0.1 
Mg 11.4 23.5 17.8 15.43 21.22 15.18 14.9 21.89 22.4 21.32 18.50 ± 3.89 30–35 
Shitalakhya Cr 0.051 0.044 0.067 0.037 0.059 0.051 0.064 0.067 0.047 0.039 0.053 ± 0.011 0.05 
Zn 0.18 0.18 0.14 0.33 0.23 0.14 0.33 0.28 0.22 0.24 0.227 ± 0.066 5 
Fe 5.28 12.65 8.97 10.11 9.35 11.57 9.65 10.88 12.33 8.06 9.885 ± 2.079 1 
Pb 0.07 0.1 0.09 0.12 0.1 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.1 0.08 0.10 ± 0.02 0.05 
Cu 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.018 ± 0.007 1 
Ni 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.029 ± 0.014 0.1 
Cd 0.019 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.019 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.016 ± 0.002 0.005 
Mn 0.12 0.1 0.12 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.09 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.108 ± 0.012 0.1 
Mg 28.2 39.5 34 32.81 30.6 32.78 31.99 32.54 35.77 34.3 33.25 ± 2.87 30–35 
Dhaleshwari Cr 9.29 12.03 10.8 9.35 11.53 10.24 9.56 9.81 10.55 11.98 10.514 ± 0.995 0.05 
Zn 0.18 0.09 0.11 0.08 0.1 0.09 0.11 0.15 0.08 0.12 0.111 ± 0.030 5 
Fe 7.66 10.23 6.18 7.88 10.04 8.46 11.28 6.79 7.8 9.94 8.626 ± 1.578 1 
Pb 0.15 0.27 0.21 0.19 0.24 0.25 0.27 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.215 ± 0.039 0.05 
Cu 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.015 ± 0.005 1 
Ni 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.024 ± 0.005 0.1 
Cd 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.015 ± 0.001 0.005 
Mn 0.1 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.1 0.12 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.09 0.10 ± 0.01 0.1 
Mg 45.7 52.4 48.5 48.78 51.97 49.5 51.61 46.43 52.33 47.21 49.44 ± 2.40 30–35 

aDrinking water quality standard by the Environment Conservation Rules, 1997 (ECR 1997).

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