The PES membrane's ability to withstand stress without deforming between commercial PES (control) and UDD-embedded PES samples is shown in the Young Modulus (Table 4) values. The results show that PES’ ability to withstand stress does not significantly change when UDD nanoparticles are embedded into the membrane's porous matrix. These findings suggest that the incorporation of UDD into the porous matrix does not change the membrane's ability to withstand stress but does increase its yield point in the elastic region, enhancing its ability to support higher stress before deformation.
Table 4
Young Modulus value comparison between the pristine UDD and functionalized UDD-embedded PES membranes
| Young Modulus (Pa) | PES | PES UDD | PES UDD + 1 min sonication | PES UDD + 2 min sonication |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 20,878 | 21,271 | 20,120 | 20,505 |
| Young Modulus (Pa) | PES | PES UDD Funct. | PES UDD Funct. + 1 min sonication | PES UDD Funct. + 2 min sonication |
 | 20,878 | 21,421 | 20,795 | 19,192 |
| Young Modulus (Pa) | PES | PES UDD | PES UDD + 1 min sonication | PES UDD + 2 min sonication |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| | 20,878 | 21,271 | 20,120 | 20,505 |
| Young Modulus (Pa) | PES | PES UDD Funct. | PES UDD Funct. + 1 min sonication | PES UDD Funct. + 2 min sonication |
| | 20,878 | 21,421 | 20,795 | 19,192 |