Operational parameters for the pilot-scale biofiltration unit and water chemistry data for the influent and effluent groundwater
| Operational parameters | ||
| Flow velocity | 3.21 m/h | |
| Number of backwashes | 9 | |
| Filter depth (cm) | ||
| Head space | 44 | |
| Anthracite | 50 | |
| Fine and coarse sand | 41 | |
| Gravel | 20 | |
| Groundwater chemistry | ||
| Influent | Mn filter effluent | |
| Temperature (°C)a | 4–8 | 8–14.8 |
| pHa | 7.1 | 7.2–7.8 |
| ORP (mV)a | −45 | 300–500 |
| Total Fe (mg/L)b,c | 2.81 ± 0.02 | 0.002 ± 0.001 |
| Total Mn (mg/L)b,c | 0.88 ± 0.01d | <0.001 |
| NH3 (mg/L)b,c | 0.53 | 0.13 |
| NO3 (mg/L)b,c | 0.04 | 2.2 |
| Operational parameters | ||
| Flow velocity | 3.21 m/h | |
| Number of backwashes | 9 | |
| Filter depth (cm) | ||
| Head space | 44 | |
| Anthracite | 50 | |
| Fine and coarse sand | 41 | |
| Gravel | 20 | |
| Groundwater chemistry | ||
| Influent | Mn filter effluent | |
| Temperature (°C)a | 4–8 | 8–14.8 |
| pHa | 7.1 | 7.2–7.8 |
| ORP (mV)a | −45 | 300–500 |
| Total Fe (mg/L)b,c | 2.81 ± 0.02 | 0.002 ± 0.001 |
| Total Mn (mg/L)b,c | 0.88 ± 0.01d | <0.001 |
| NH3 (mg/L)b,c | 0.53 | 0.13 |
| NO3 (mg/L)b,c | 0.04 | 2.2 |
aMeasured using the sensors on-site.
bSampled at 110 days.
cICP-OES analyses.
d0.88 ± 0.01 mg/L in groundwater influent; and 0.84 mg/L in Fe filter effluent.