Comparison of rate constants (k) from this study and various other Mn biofilter designs
| Temperature (°C) . | k (min−1) . | Flow velocity (m h−1) . | Experiment type . | Scale . | Initial filter media status . | Aging characteristics . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| – | 0.17 | 7 | Field | Full-scale | Aged | 8-month pre-aging | Katsoyiannis & Zouboulis (2004) |
| 11.2–14.6 | 0.50a | 10–22 | Field | Pilot-scale | Aged | 8-month pre-aging | Štembal et al. (2005) |
| 18–22b | 0.14–0.16c | – | Lab | Lab scale | Virgin | MnOB pre-inoculation | Cai et al. (2015) |
| – | 0.53c | 7–19 | Lab | Pilot-scale | Virgin | Aged using synthetic Mn(II)- and As(III)- contaminated water | Yang et al. (2015) |
| 30b | 0.023c | 0.033–0.039 | Field | Pilot-scale | Virgin | 5-month aging | Zeng et al. (2015) |
| 8b | 0.69c | – | Field | Pilot-scale | Manganese sand | 18-month pre-aging | Cheng et al. (2016) |
| 4–8b, 8–14.8d | 0.21c | 3.21 | Field | Pilot-scale | Virgin | 4-month aging: ORP: >+ 400 mV, Abundant MnOB, Mn oxide formation | This study |
| Temperature (°C) . | k (min−1) . | Flow velocity (m h−1) . | Experiment type . | Scale . | Initial filter media status . | Aging characteristics . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| – | 0.17 | 7 | Field | Full-scale | Aged | 8-month pre-aging | Katsoyiannis & Zouboulis (2004) |
| 11.2–14.6 | 0.50a | 10–22 | Field | Pilot-scale | Aged | 8-month pre-aging | Štembal et al. (2005) |
| 18–22b | 0.14–0.16c | – | Lab | Lab scale | Virgin | MnOB pre-inoculation | Cai et al. (2015) |
| – | 0.53c | 7–19 | Lab | Pilot-scale | Virgin | Aged using synthetic Mn(II)- and As(III)- contaminated water | Yang et al. (2015) |
| 30b | 0.023c | 0.033–0.039 | Field | Pilot-scale | Virgin | 5-month aging | Zeng et al. (2015) |
| 8b | 0.69c | – | Field | Pilot-scale | Manganese sand | 18-month pre-aging | Cheng et al. (2016) |
| 4–8b, 8–14.8d | 0.21c | 3.21 | Field | Pilot-scale | Virgin | 4-month aging: ORP: >+ 400 mV, Abundant MnOB, Mn oxide formation | This study |
aTreatability factor using mass-transfer-limited kinetics.
bInfluent water temperature.
cFirst-order rate constant.
dEffluent temperature.