Table 4

Permeate properties for various wastewater solutions treated with PP, PE1, and PE2 membranes

Wastewater streamCa (ppm)Mg (ppm)Na (ppm)pHElectrical conductivity (mS/cm)Rejection towards EC (%)
PE1-48- Na2CO3 softened-acidified 0 (100) 0 (100) 31.84 (99.50) 6.76 0.101 99.71
PP-48-Na2CO3 softened 5 (94.50) 0 (100) 217.3 (97.73)  0.0792 99.78
PE2-70- Na2CO3 softened-acidified 7.02 (91.63) 0 (100) 46.63 (99.27) 6.64 0.0985 99.61
PE2-70-softened (Na2CO3 + NaOH)-acidfied-antiscaled 4.84 (89.53) 0 (100) 92.18 (98.66) 6.37 0.0584 99.85
Wastewater streamCa (ppm)Mg (ppm)Na (ppm)pHElectrical conductivity (mS/cm)Rejection towards EC (%)
PE1-48- Na2CO3 softened-acidified 0 (100) 0 (100) 31.84 (99.50) 6.76 0.101 99.71
PP-48-Na2CO3 softened 5 (94.50) 0 (100) 217.3 (97.73)  0.0792 99.78
PE2-70- Na2CO3 softened-acidified 7.02 (91.63) 0 (100) 46.63 (99.27) 6.64 0.0985 99.61
PE2-70-softened (Na2CO3 + NaOH)-acidfied-antiscaled 4.84 (89.53) 0 (100) 92.18 (98.66) 6.37 0.0584 99.85

Values in brackets, adjacent to concentration of each ion, refer to the percent rejection towards the ion.

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