Literature reports on cyanide acclimatization period and removal efficiency of AD for cyanide-containing wastes
| Substrate . | Influent CN− concentration . | Digester configuration . | Acclimatization period . | Threshold concentration . | CN removal efficiency (%) . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cassava peel | 840 mg/2 days | Plug flow semi-continuous | NR | 6 mg/L | >90 | Cuzin & Labat (1992) |
| Synthetic starch wastewater | NR | Fixed-bed continuous | 6 months (includes start-up) | 240 mg/L 75 mg/(L·d) | 90 | Siller & Winter (1998) |
| Synthetic starch wastewater | 5–125 mg/L | UASB continuous | 21–28 days | 250 mg/(L·d) | 95 | Gijzen et al. (2000) |
| Synthetic starch wastewater | 1–100 mg/L | Batch | NR | NR | 91–93 | Annachhatre & Amornkaew (2000) |
| Cassava wastewater | 5–25 mg/L | UASB continuous | 80 days | 25 mg/L | >90 | Zaher et al. (2006) |
| Synthetic starch wastewater | NR | Two stage CSTR UASB + fixed-bed continuous | NR | NR | 90 | Paixão et al. (2000) |
| Cassava and brewery wastewater | 1–8.5 mg/L | Batch | 22 days | 8.5 mg/L | NR | Novak et al. (2013) |
| Cassava pulp with pig manure | 6.5 mg/L | Single stage semi-CSTR | 40 days | 6.5 mg/L | 92 | Glanpracha & Annachhatre (2016) |
| Cassava pulp with pig manure | 1.5–10 mg/L | Batch | 3 days | 10 mg/L | 80–85 | This study |
| Substrate . | Influent CN− concentration . | Digester configuration . | Acclimatization period . | Threshold concentration . | CN removal efficiency (%) . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cassava peel | 840 mg/2 days | Plug flow semi-continuous | NR | 6 mg/L | >90 | Cuzin & Labat (1992) |
| Synthetic starch wastewater | NR | Fixed-bed continuous | 6 months (includes start-up) | 240 mg/L 75 mg/(L·d) | 90 | Siller & Winter (1998) |
| Synthetic starch wastewater | 5–125 mg/L | UASB continuous | 21–28 days | 250 mg/(L·d) | 95 | Gijzen et al. (2000) |
| Synthetic starch wastewater | 1–100 mg/L | Batch | NR | NR | 91–93 | Annachhatre & Amornkaew (2000) |
| Cassava wastewater | 5–25 mg/L | UASB continuous | 80 days | 25 mg/L | >90 | Zaher et al. (2006) |
| Synthetic starch wastewater | NR | Two stage CSTR UASB + fixed-bed continuous | NR | NR | 90 | Paixão et al. (2000) |
| Cassava and brewery wastewater | 1–8.5 mg/L | Batch | 22 days | 8.5 mg/L | NR | Novak et al. (2013) |
| Cassava pulp with pig manure | 6.5 mg/L | Single stage semi-CSTR | 40 days | 6.5 mg/L | 92 | Glanpracha & Annachhatre (2016) |
| Cassava pulp with pig manure | 1.5–10 mg/L | Batch | 3 days | 10 mg/L | 80–85 | This study |
NR, not reported; UASB, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket; CSTR, continuous stirred tank reactor.