One of the earliest recording precipitation gauges was developed in England for the measurement of rain in the late 1830s. The weight-activated gauge with a clock-driven drum recorded rainfall amount on a rotating strip chart (Strangeways 2006). Accuracy improved significantly with earlier versions of modern weighing all-season precipitation gauges in the mid-20th century (Metcalfe & Goodison 1993). Recording precipitation data on punched paper tapes or a chart recorder, the earliest gauges were the Belfort and Fischer Porter. Modern weighing gauges (Table 2) use either vibrating wire transducers or solid-state load cells (Larson 1993).
Automatic solid precipitation gauges
Gauge name . | Country of origin . | Manufacturer . | Instrument name . | Orifice area (cm2) . | Capacity (mm) . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gauges with weighing-strain and vibrating wire | |||||
Belfort | USA | Belfort Instrument Company | AEPG II 200 | 200 | 1,220 |
Geonor | Norway | Geonor AS | T-200B | 200 | 600, 1,000, 1,500 |
MPS | Slovakia | MPS System | TRwS204/504/205/405 | 200, 400, 500 | 230, 400, 500 |
Gauges with weighing-load cell and pressure transducer | |||||
Meteoservis | Czech Republic | Meteoservis v.o.s. | MRW500 | 500 | 1,400 |
NOAH | USA | ETI Instrument Systems | NOAH | 324, 729 | 305, 508, 762 |
Ott Pluvio & AWPAGa | Germany | Ott Messtechnik | Pluvio2 | 200, 400 | 750, 1,500 |
MG-24 | Russia | Gidrometpribor | MG-24 | 200 | 100 |
Standpipe | Canada | Geo Scientific | PG-4 | 1,134 | |
Sutron | USA | Sutron Corp. | TPG | 200 | 914–1,829 |
Gauges with tipping bucket | |||||
CAE | Italy | CAE S.P.A. | PMB2/R | 1,000 | CAE |
EML | UK | Environmental Measurements Ltd. | UPG1000 | 1,000 | EML |
HSA | USA/Australia | Hydrological Services America | TBH-LP | 729 | HSA |
Meteoservis | Czech Republic | Meteoservis v.o.s. | MR2H | 200 | Meteoservis |
MTX | Italy | MTX s.r.l. | FAK030AA | 200 | MTX |
FAK001AC | 400 | ||||
FAK010AA | 1,000 | ||||
Omega | USA | Omega Engineering Co. | RG-2500E | 324 | Omega |
RG-2500E-12 | 729 | ||||
Thies | Germany | Adolf Thies GmbH & Co. | Precipitation transmitter | 200 | Thies |
Young | USA | R.M. Young | 52202 | 200 | Young |
Heated rain gage | USA | Campbell Scientific | CS700H | 314 | Heated rain gage |
Gauge name . | Country of origin . | Manufacturer . | Instrument name . | Orifice area (cm2) . | Capacity (mm) . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gauges with weighing-strain and vibrating wire | |||||
Belfort | USA | Belfort Instrument Company | AEPG II 200 | 200 | 1,220 |
Geonor | Norway | Geonor AS | T-200B | 200 | 600, 1,000, 1,500 |
MPS | Slovakia | MPS System | TRwS204/504/205/405 | 200, 400, 500 | 230, 400, 500 |
Gauges with weighing-load cell and pressure transducer | |||||
Meteoservis | Czech Republic | Meteoservis v.o.s. | MRW500 | 500 | 1,400 |
NOAH | USA | ETI Instrument Systems | NOAH | 324, 729 | 305, 508, 762 |
Ott Pluvio & AWPAGa | Germany | Ott Messtechnik | Pluvio2 | 200, 400 | 750, 1,500 |
MG-24 | Russia | Gidrometpribor | MG-24 | 200 | 100 |
Standpipe | Canada | Geo Scientific | PG-4 | 1,134 | |
Sutron | USA | Sutron Corp. | TPG | 200 | 914–1,829 |
Gauges with tipping bucket | |||||
CAE | Italy | CAE S.P.A. | PMB2/R | 1,000 | CAE |
EML | UK | Environmental Measurements Ltd. | UPG1000 | 1,000 | EML |
HSA | USA/Australia | Hydrological Services America | TBH-LP | 729 | HSA |
Meteoservis | Czech Republic | Meteoservis v.o.s. | MR2H | 200 | Meteoservis |
MTX | Italy | MTX s.r.l. | FAK030AA | 200 | MTX |
FAK001AC | 400 | ||||
FAK010AA | 1,000 | ||||
Omega | USA | Omega Engineering Co. | RG-2500E | 324 | Omega |
RG-2500E-12 | 729 | ||||
Thies | Germany | Adolf Thies GmbH & Co. | Precipitation transmitter | 200 | Thies |
Young | USA | R.M. Young | 52202 | 200 | Young |
Heated rain gage | USA | Campbell Scientific | CS700H | 314 | Heated rain gage |
aAWPAG stands for the All Weather Precipitation Accumulation gauge. It is installed at the ASOS stations across the USA.