One of the earliest recording precipitation gauges was developed in England for the measurement of rain in the late 1830s. The weight-activated gauge with a clock-driven drum recorded rainfall amount on a rotating strip chart (Strangeways 2006). Accuracy improved significantly with earlier versions of modern weighing all-season precipitation gauges in the mid-20th century (Metcalfe & Goodison 1993). Recording precipitation data on punched paper tapes or a chart recorder, the earliest gauges were the Belfort and Fischer Porter. Modern weighing gauges (Table 2) use either vibrating wire transducers or solid-state load cells (Larson 1993).

Table 2

Automatic solid precipitation gauges

Gauge nameCountry of originManufacturerInstrument nameOrifice area (cm2)Capacity (mm)
Gauges with weighing-strain and vibrating wire 
 Belfort USA Belfort Instrument Company AEPG II 200 200 1,220 
 Geonor Norway Geonor AS T-200B 200 600, 1,000, 1,500 
 MPS Slovakia MPS System TRwS204/504/205/405 200, 400, 500 230, 400, 500 
Gauges with weighing-load cell and pressure transducer 
 Meteoservis Czech Republic Meteoservis v.o.s. MRW500 500 1,400 
 NOAH USA ETI Instrument Systems NOAH 324, 729 305, 508, 762 
 Ott Pluvio & AWPAGa Germany Ott Messtechnik Pluvio2 200, 400 750, 1,500 
 MG-24 Russia Gidrometpribor MG-24 200 100 
 Standpipe Canada Geo Scientific PG-4 1,134  
 Sutron USA Sutron Corp. TPG 200 914–1,829 
Gauges with tipping bucket 
 CAE Italy CAE S.P.A. PMB2/R 1,000 CAE 
 EML UK Environmental Measurements Ltd. UPG1000 1,000 EML 
 HSA USA/Australia Hydrological Services America TBH-LP 729 HSA 
 Meteoservis Czech Republic Meteoservis v.o.s. MR2H 200 Meteoservis 
 MTX Italy MTX s.r.l. FAK030AA 200 MTX 
   FAK001AC 400  
   FAK010AA 1,000  
 Omega USA Omega Engineering Co. RG-2500E 324 Omega 
   RG-2500E-12 729  
 Thies Germany Adolf Thies GmbH & Co. Precipitation transmitter 200 Thies 
 Young USA R.M. Young 52202 200 Young 
 Heated rain gage USA Campbell Scientific CS700H 314 Heated rain gage 
Gauge nameCountry of originManufacturerInstrument nameOrifice area (cm2)Capacity (mm)
Gauges with weighing-strain and vibrating wire 
 Belfort USA Belfort Instrument Company AEPG II 200 200 1,220 
 Geonor Norway Geonor AS T-200B 200 600, 1,000, 1,500 
 MPS Slovakia MPS System TRwS204/504/205/405 200, 400, 500 230, 400, 500 
Gauges with weighing-load cell and pressure transducer 
 Meteoservis Czech Republic Meteoservis v.o.s. MRW500 500 1,400 
 NOAH USA ETI Instrument Systems NOAH 324, 729 305, 508, 762 
 Ott Pluvio & AWPAGa Germany Ott Messtechnik Pluvio2 200, 400 750, 1,500 
 MG-24 Russia Gidrometpribor MG-24 200 100 
 Standpipe Canada Geo Scientific PG-4 1,134  
 Sutron USA Sutron Corp. TPG 200 914–1,829 
Gauges with tipping bucket 
 CAE Italy CAE S.P.A. PMB2/R 1,000 CAE 
 EML UK Environmental Measurements Ltd. UPG1000 1,000 EML 
 HSA USA/Australia Hydrological Services America TBH-LP 729 HSA 
 Meteoservis Czech Republic Meteoservis v.o.s. MR2H 200 Meteoservis 
 MTX Italy MTX s.r.l. FAK030AA 200 MTX 
   FAK001AC 400  
   FAK010AA 1,000  
 Omega USA Omega Engineering Co. RG-2500E 324 Omega 
   RG-2500E-12 729  
 Thies Germany Adolf Thies GmbH & Co. Precipitation transmitter 200 Thies 
 Young USA R.M. Young 52202 200 Young 
 Heated rain gage USA Campbell Scientific CS700H 314 Heated rain gage 

aAWPAG stands for the All Weather Precipitation Accumulation gauge. It is installed at the ASOS stations across the USA.

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