IWA Publishing

We attempt to estimate the human impact on the long-term runoff variability using the correlation between the human activity factors and the weights obtained by decomposing the original runoff series into EOFs. A significant (though low) correlation between the studied factors and the weights are detected (Table 4).

Table 4

Correlations between the weights and human activity factors (significant value shown in bold)

Weight	1	2	3	4
Weihe
Population level	0.34	0.02	0.01	0.35
Cultivated land	−0.29	0.11	0.02	−0.38
Irrigated area	0.17	0.21	0.07	0.40
Water supply	0.39	0.01	0.05	0.34
Grain yield	0.31	0.09	0.11	0.32
GDP	0.21	−0.15	−0.09	0.18
Afforested area	0.01	0.28	0.15	0.34
Hydroelectricity	0.18	0.05	0.03	0.36
Reservoir storage*	−0.36	−0.57	−0.47	0.18
Area of soil-water conservation*	−0.41	−0.56	−0.33	0.35
Beijiang
Population level	0.15	0.40	−0.03	0.45
Cultivated land	−0.04	−0.56	0.11	−0.36
Irrigated area	0.22	−0.53	−0.00	−0.00
Water supply	0.10	0.55	−0.07	0.45
Grain yield	0.34	0.12	0.06	0.53
GDP	−0.10	0.61	−0.11	0.33
Afforested area	0.40	−0.47	0.12	0.10
Hydroelectricity	0.02	0.55	−0.13	0.45
Reservoir storage*	0.09	0.56	−0.17	−0.06
Area of soil-water conservation*	−0.07	0.52	−0.22	0.36
Qingjiang
Population level	−0.01	−0.18	0.19	−0.26
Cultivated land	−0.07	0.11	−0.23	0.29
Irrigated area	−0.14	0.05	−0.31	0.27
Water supply	0.07	−0.19	0.28	−0.30
Grain yield	−0.11	−0.27	0.07	−0.24
GDP	0.13	−0.11	0.15	−0.20
Afforested area	−0.23	−0.22	0.01	−0.15
Hydroelectricity	0.05	−0.13	0.14	−0.08
Reservoir storage*	−0.40	−0.24	−0.06	−0.17
Area of soil-water conservation*	−0.27	−0.22	−0.10	−0.18

Weight	1	2	3	4
Weihe
Population level	0.34	0.02	0.01	0.35
Cultivated land	−0.29	0.11	0.02	−0.38
Irrigated area	0.17	0.21	0.07	0.40
Water supply	0.39	0.01	0.05	0.34
Grain yield	0.31	0.09	0.11	0.32
GDP	0.21	−0.15	−0.09	0.18
Afforested area	0.01	0.28	0.15	0.34
Hydroelectricity	0.18	0.05	0.03	0.36
Reservoir storage*	−0.36	−0.57	−0.47	0.18
Area of soil-water conservation*	−0.41	−0.56	−0.33	0.35
Beijiang
Population level	0.15	0.40	−0.03	0.45
Cultivated land	−0.04	−0.56	0.11	−0.36
Irrigated area	0.22	−0.53	−0.00	−0.00
Water supply	0.10	0.55	−0.07	0.45
Grain yield	0.34	0.12	0.06	0.53
GDP	−0.10	0.61	−0.11	0.33
Afforested area	0.40	−0.47	0.12	0.10
Hydroelectricity	0.02	0.55	−0.13	0.45
Reservoir storage*	0.09	0.56	−0.17	−0.06
Area of soil-water conservation*	−0.07	0.52	−0.22	0.36
Qingjiang
Population level	−0.01	−0.18	0.19	−0.26
Cultivated land	−0.07	0.11	−0.23	0.29
Irrigated area	−0.14	0.05	−0.31	0.27
Water supply	0.07	−0.19	0.28	−0.30
Grain yield	−0.11	−0.27	0.07	−0.24
GDP	0.13	−0.11	0.15	−0.20
Afforested area	−0.23	−0.22	0.01	−0.15
Hydroelectricity	0.05	−0.13	0.14	−0.08
Reservoir storage*	−0.40	−0.24	−0.06	−0.17
Area of soil-water conservation*	−0.27	−0.22	−0.10	−0.18

*Results in italics should be taken with caution due to a limited record length.

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