Analysis of institutional arrangement for greywater management in unplanned settlements of Kinondoni municipality Tanzania

Greywater (GW) may contain pathogens and organics thereby calling for its management. Institutional arrangement (IA) is the heart of planning, coordination and management of initiatives. Analysis of IA is key for determination of what could be rectified within organisations based on the existing structure, resources, strategies, data and information, stakeholder participation and involvement, policy and by-laws. Kinondoni municipality has the largest population of the three municipalities in Dar es Salaam city. In this study, the IA for GW management in Kinondoni municipality was analysed using weighted strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). The weights for the SWOT criteria were obtained from field interviews with households and key informants, and then integrated using expert judgement. Overall, from the analysis matrix, the SWOT was towards weaknesses (73%) and opportunities (60%). Weaknesses were largely due to internal factors, others were lack of horizontal and vertical coordination, accountability, and stakeholder participation. With respect to GW management, these results revealed that there is inadequacy in the existing institutional structure, which accelerates poor performance in GW management practices in Kinondoni municipality. Accordingly, this study proposed an IA that induces stakeholder involvement and participation, accountability mechanisms and collaboration between departments in GW management.