Despite increased promotion, sanitation programmes have varying degrees of success partly because of limited consideration of the wider context beyond individual factors in programme design. Although a recent model, Integrated Behaviour Model for Water Sanitation and Hygiene (IBM-WASH) comprehensively addresses this gap, the model focuses on the initial adoption factors and lacks emphasis on the functioning of the entire sanitation system from toilet usage to the safe disposal of the waste. Hence application of the model is limited, to some degree, in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals for sanitation which have broadened the scope for sustainable sanitation service. Based on a review of available frameworks, this paper proposes an alternative comprehensive framework using an ecological public health approach to health determinants but does so through application across the spectrum of sanitation stages. A systematic literature review on sanitation adoption factors and comparative analysis of the proposed framework and the IBM-WASH framework was conducted to analyse the benefits of the framework. The findings show that different factors operate differently for each sanitation service stage, requiring a different set of actions for each stage. Our alternative framework can better address factors across sanitation stages and encourage collaboration among stakeholders with different disciplinary backgrounds.
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Review Article|
January 12 2017
Towards sustained sanitation services: a review of existing frameworks and an alternative framework combining ecological and sanitation life stage approaches
Ni Made Utami Dwipayanti;
1Center for Environment and Population Health, School of Environment, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
2School of Public Health, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
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Tri Dung Phung;
Tri Dung Phung
1Center for Environment and Population Health, School of Environment, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
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Shannon Rutherford;
Shannon Rutherford
1Center for Environment and Population Health, School of Environment, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
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Cordia Chu
Cordia Chu
1Center for Environment and Population Health, School of Environment, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
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Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development (2017) 7 (1): 25–42.
Article history
Received:
June 05 2016
Accepted:
November 19 2016
Citation
Ni Made Utami Dwipayanti, Tri Dung Phung, Shannon Rutherford, Cordia Chu; Towards sustained sanitation services: a review of existing frameworks and an alternative framework combining ecological and sanitation life stage approaches. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 1 March 2017; 7 (1): 25–42. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.086
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