Wastewater reuse using soil aquifer treatment (SAT) is a rational and realistic solution in countries and regions with limited freshwater resources. The behaviour and removal of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) under long hydraulic retention times (HRTs) in SAT may warrant further investigation. In this study, actual treated effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was continuously treated using a pilot-scale SAT reactor with a designed HRT of 30 days, located in the WWTP; PFCA removal characteristics were investigated based on a 14-month monitoring period. Continuous SAT reactor operations were accomplished for 30 months under the designed HRT (28 days, as calculated by a tracer test); stable treatments were achieved during the period, represented by dissolved organic matter removal from 3.94 mgC/L to 0.701 mgC/L. Removal of PFCAs by SAT under an HRT of 28 days was found to be difficult, as indicated by perfluorooctanoic acid level from 18.4 to 19.0 ng/L. In addition, PFCA concentrations may be increased after SAT, probably due to the influences of PFCA precursors; this is indicated by the increase in perfluorononanoic acid from 11.6 to 14.1 ng/L. Based on the guideline values, further removal of PFCAs in SAT-treated effluent may be required.
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Research Article|
August 01 2017
Evaluation of PFCA removal by SAT using a pilot-scale reactor
Yugo Takabe;
Yugo Takabe
*
aGraduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 6808552, Japan
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
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Fumitake Nishimura;
Fumitake Nishimura
bGraduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 6158540, Japan
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Ryosuke Suzuki;
Ryosuke Suzuki
bGraduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 6158540, Japan
†Present address: Kobelco Eco–Solutions Co., Ltd., 1-1-4 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 6512241, Japan
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Yasuhiro Asada;
Yasuhiro Asada
bGraduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 6158540, Japan
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Yumeto Utsunomiya;
Yumeto Utsunomiya
bGraduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 6158540, Japan
‡Present address: West Japan Railway Company, Shibata 2-4-24, Kita, Osaka 5308341, Japan
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Shusuke Takemine;
Shusuke Takemine
cHyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, 3-1-27 Yukihira, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6540037, Japan
§Present address: Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Saitama 3470115, Japan
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Chisato Matsumura;
Chisato Matsumura
cHyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, 3-1-27 Yukihira, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6540037, Japan
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Sadahiko Itoh
Sadahiko Itoh
bGraduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 6158540, Japan
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Water Practice and Technology (2017) 12 (3): 706–716.
Citation
Yugo Takabe, Fumitake Nishimura, Ryosuke Suzuki, Yasuhiro Asada, Yumeto Utsunomiya, Shusuke Takemine, Chisato Matsumura, Sadahiko Itoh; Evaluation of PFCA removal by SAT using a pilot-scale reactor. Water Practice and Technology 1 August 2017; 12 (3): 706–716. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2017.076
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