Analysis of water supply system maintenance costs from the aspect of water quality

There is no current obligation in pipeline dimensioning practice to consider free residual chlorine (FRC) consumption. The only requirements are the hydraulic parameters defined by the ‘codes of practice’ and legal regulations. The objective of this paper is to give insight into the potential additional (hidden) costs that can arise when maintaining water supply systems, i.e., parts that, from the water quality aspect, can often be considered over-dimensioned. An algorithm is used to analyse FRC consumption that is implemented in EPANET 2.0 software. EPANET 2.0 is proven to be able to yield reliable descriptions of FRC consumption in parts of water supply systems. Here it is simplified for use in relation to a single pipeline as an example.