In the 20th century energy and water services are provided by large centralized systems. The development of renewable energy sources, especially solar energy, however generates a transition towards more decentralized services in the 21st century. The development of green buildings and other off the grid solutions facilitates a growing demand for these decentralized solutions, not only for energy but also for water services. It is the challenge for water utilities to be a player this development.
This content is only available as a PDF.
© IWA Publishing 2011
You do not currently have access to this content.