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The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of faujasite zeolite-X, which was produced from coal fly ash, in the removal of methylene blue dye. The zeolite was synthesised using hydrothermal treatment, and its properties were analysed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Response surface methodology was utilised, employing a central composite design (CCD), to optimise the adsorption parameters. The study examined the impact of four primary variables – initial dye concentration, zeolite-X dose, reaction time, and temperature – on the elimination of dye. An analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the parameters and regression coefficients. The experimental data exhibited a high degree of agreement with the model predictions, as shown by an R2 value of 0.997. The maximum effectiveness of dye removal was achieved at 99.23% under the following ideal conditions: an initial dye concentration of 125 mg/L, a zeolite dose of 2.5 g/L, a temperature of 55 °C, and an adsorption period of 40 min. The results validate the strong effectiveness of faujasite zeolite-X in removing dye from wastewater, as demonstrated by the Langmuir isotherm study (R2= 0.99).

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  • This paper focuses on two-fold environmental issues of Gujarat, namely coal fly ash (CFA) disposal and textile effluent treatment.

  • CFA is then converted into faujasite zeolite-X with a highly effective adsorption property via an alkali-hydrothermal technique.

  • It carries many benefits such as efficient effluent treatment, reduced reliance on landfill, and meeting MoEF's policy on zero waste on fly ash use.

adsorption, adsorption optimisation, central composite design, dye and pigments production, faujasite zeolite-X, Langmuir isotherm, methylene blue dye, response surface methodology
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