Bench-scale tests were conducted to evaluate enhanced coagulation as a method for removing natural organic matter (NOM) from a surface water to reduce the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Aluminium sulphate (alum) and two polyaluminium chloride (PACl) coagulants were used, as well as alum with pH depression. Using a PACl coagulant alone or alum with pH depression was shown to attain 35% removal of TOC at lower dosages (31 and 29 mg/L, respectively) when compared to the use of alum alone (43 mg/L). In addition to TOC and UV254, a fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (FEEM) approach and liquid chromatography–organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) were used to further characterize the removal of NOM in both untreated and filtered waters. Principal component analysis of FEEM was able to identify the presence of humic-like substances (HS), protein-like substances (PS), and colloidal/particulate matter (CPM); HS were found to have a close correlation with TOC and UV254. LC-OCD enabled the quantitative detection of hydrophobic and hydrophilic DOC; the latter was further separated into five components, the largest of which was HS. Strong linear correlations were calculated between TOC, UV254, HS, and hydrophilic DOC (r2 > 0.96); these parameters were also found to be closely correlated with the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs, r2 > 0.78) and haloacetic acids (HAAs, r2 > 0.92). Linear correlations with THMs and HAAs indicated that FEEM and LC-OCD provide good measures of DBP precursors when compared with TOC and UV254.
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Research Article|
December 01 2011
Evaluation of fluorescence excitation–emission and LC-OCD as methods of detecting removal of NOM and DBP precursors by enhanced coagulation Available to Purchase
J. K. Wassink;
1Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A4
E-mail: [email protected]
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R. C. Andrews;
R. C. Andrews
1Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A4
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R. H. Peiris;
R. H. Peiris
2Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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R. L. Legge
R. L. Legge
2Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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Water Supply (2011) 11 (5): 621–630.
Article history
Received:
June 09 2011
Accepted:
September 09 2011
Citation
J. K. Wassink, R. C. Andrews, R. H. Peiris, R. L. Legge; Evaluation of fluorescence excitation–emission and LC-OCD as methods of detecting removal of NOM and DBP precursors by enhanced coagulation. Water Supply 1 December 2011; 11 (5): 621–630. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.101
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