One effect of climate change on the water supply systems in Japan may be a sharp increase in the raw-water turbidity following heavy rain. The objective of this study was to evaluate water treatment performance with a sharp increase in raw-water turbidity. This evaluation was carried out from the perspective of turbidity response by a pilot-scale plant using sand filtration and membrane filtration with coagulation–sedimentation pretreatment. Two coagulants were used; namely, polyaluminum chloride with a basicity of either 72% (PACl-72%) or 51% (PACl-51%). Raw-water turbidity was increased from 5 to 300 TU by adding kaolin suspension. In the case of sand filtration, the filtered-water turbidity increased during the filter stabilization period. An increase in the coagulant dosage produced a more rapid decrease in the filtered-water turbidity and shortened the filter stabilizing period. Filtered-water turbidity decreased more rapidly for PACl-72% than for PACl-51%. In the case of membrane filtration, an increase in raw-water turbidity caused no significant increase in filtered-water turbidity or transmembrane pressure. These results demonstrated that, although neither filtration technique completely failed, membrane filtration was more robust than sand filtration against a sharp increase in raw-water turbidity.
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Research Article|
February 01 2013
Experimental evaluations of water treatment systems using a pilot-scale plant for adaptations to a sharp increase in raw-water turbidity caused by climate change Available to Purchase
Y. Kobayashi;
1Hanshin Water Supply Authority, 3-20-1, Nishi-Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
E-mail: [email protected]
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M. Itoh;
M. Itoh
2Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6, Minami, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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T. Yamada;
T. Yamada
3Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
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M. Akiba;
M. Akiba
2Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6, Minami, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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Y. Matsui
Y. Matsui
4Environmental Risk Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
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Water Supply (2013) 13 (1): 139–146.
Article history
Received:
April 19 2012
Accepted:
August 02 2012
Citation
Y. Kobayashi, M. Itoh, T. Yamada, M. Akiba, Y. Matsui; Experimental evaluations of water treatment systems using a pilot-scale plant for adaptations to a sharp increase in raw-water turbidity caused by climate change. Water Supply 1 February 2013; 13 (1): 139–146. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.097
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