For most buildings considered to be of a public non-residential type there are insufficient published data to establish and compare the theoretical standards with actual consumption data. Therefore, water consumption per user in non-residential buildings is still a very complicated issue for engineers and designers involved in analysing water demand and water management. This is why linking water consumption and school occupancy is the goal of this paper, trying to set the basis for further design, conservation and educational interventions on this topic. This research integrates quantitative data of water consumption, through water metering and analysis, and historical data about users in buildings. We focused on consumptions for four types of schools: nurseries (0–3-year-old children), kindergartens (3–6 years), elementary schools (6–11 years) and secondary 1st grade schools (11–14 years). The results are that the rational basic demand for water is estimated as 48.8 l per pre-school student per day and 18.7 l per elementary/secondary school student per day. Therefore we found that younger children use more water on a daily basis than older ones, probably because they need more services, such as laundries and kitchens, whereas older students consume water mainly in restrooms.
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Research Article|
March 01 2013
Water consumption in public schools for the city of Bologna, Italy Available to Purchase
Marco Farina;
Marco Farina
1Comune di Bologna, Piazza Liber Paradisus 10, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Marco Maglionico;
Marco Maglionico
2Università di Bologna Facoltà di Ingegneria, Via Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Marco Pollastri;
Marco Pollastri
3Università Verde di Bologna/Centro Antartide, Via Rizzoli 3, 40125 Bologna, Italy
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Irena Stojkov
2Università di Bologna Facoltà di Ingegneria, Via Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
E-mail: [email protected]
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Water Supply (2013) 13 (2): 257–264.
Article history
Received:
March 06 2012
Accepted:
August 03 2012
Citation
Marco Farina, Marco Maglionico, Marco Pollastri, Irena Stojkov; Water consumption in public schools for the city of Bologna, Italy. Water Supply 1 March 2013; 13 (2): 257–264. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.013
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