Water supply structures of the Ottoman period in Istanbul (Asian side)

The city of Istanbul has land on both the Asian and European continents. On the European side, many waterways (culverts) were constructed to supply water to the old city; however, on the Asian (Anatolian) side, such water supply structures were limited in number and capacity. Therefore in order to meet the water demand of this side of the city, foundation waterways were built. This study discusses the foundation waterways in the Anatolian side of Istanbul; of which the most important ones are Atikvalide and Kayışdağı. Foundation waterways which were constructed by benefactors performed their functions for centuries and a number of them continue to be in use.