Analyzing the turbulent flow on steep open channels

In channels with steep slopes, the flow is supercritical and the formation of roll waves is expected. In order to evaluate the flow behaviors in steep open channels, the Azad dam spillway is simulated numerically and its flow characteristics are compared with the physical model tests. In this study, the hydraulic variables including hydraulic depth and water surface profile are studied along the steep open channels. The k-ɛ turbulence model is considered in this study. It is shown that in the conditions in which the angle of the wave forehead is less than 35 degrees, the formation of roll waves is inevitable.