Single and multi-objective optimal design of water distribution systems: application to the case study of the Hanoi system

This manuscript describes the application of two recent methodologies developed by the authors for single and multi-objective optimal design of water distribution systems. The single-objective model is a hybrid algorithm incorporating decomposition, spanning tree search, and evolutionary computation, while the multi-objective algorithm integrates features form multi-objective genetic algorithms with the Cross Entropy combinatorial optimization scheme. The two models are implemented on the Hanoi water distribution system, one of the more explored systems in the research literature, through base runs and sensitivity analysis. The single-objective model produced the best known least cost solution for split pipe design, while the multi-objective model has shown robustness and well explanatory outcomes. Discussion of the accomplished results and suggestions for future research are provided.