The ability of in-line coagulation pretreatment with high-basicity polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulants to enhance virus removal by ceramic microfiltration (MF) was examined by comparing virus removal efficiencies from water pretreated with PACl-2.2 (basicity 2.2) and PACl-2.5 (basicity 2.5) versus alum, a synthetic aluminum chloride (AlCl3) solution, and two commercially available PACls, PACl-1.5 and PACl-1.8. The virus removal ratios for AlCl3, alum, PACl-1.5, and PACl-1.8 decreased markedly when the pH of the treated water shifted from 6.8 to 7.8, but was high at both pHs for PACl-2.2 and PACl-2.5. PACl-2.5 contains Al13 species and possibly Al30 species, and has a high colloid charge density. It removed viruses more efficiently than the other aluminum-based coagulants, not only at neutral pH, but also under weakly alkaline conditions. Moreover, the in-line coagulation–ceramic MF process with PACl-2.5 pretreatment removed not only viruses but also dissolved organic carbon and UV260-absorbing natural organic matter more efficiently and resulted in a lower residual aluminum concentration than did commercially available PACls, especially under weakly alkaline conditions. A combination of coagulation pretreatment with a high-basicity PACl and ceramic MF can provide effective treatment of drinking water over a broader pH range than is possible with commercially available aluminum-based coagulants.
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Research Article|
November 27 2013
Virus removal by an in-line coagulation–ceramic microfiltration process with high-basicity polyaluminum coagulation pretreatment
N. Shirasaki
;
1Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
E-mail: nobutaka@eng.hokudai.ac.jp
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T. Matsushita
;
T. Matsushita
1Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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Y. Matsui
;
Y. Matsui
1Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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T. Urasaki
;
T. Urasaki
1Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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M. Kimura
;
M. Kimura
1Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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K. Ohno
K. Ohno
1Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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Water Supply (2014) 14 (3): 429–437.
Article history
Received:
July 31 2013
Accepted:
November 13 2013
Citation
N. Shirasaki, T. Matsushita, Y. Matsui, T. Urasaki, M. Kimura, K. Ohno; Virus removal by an in-line coagulation–ceramic microfiltration process with high-basicity polyaluminum coagulation pretreatment. Water Supply 1 June 2014; 14 (3): 429–437. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.218
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