Thirty-two waterborne outbreaks in Sweden are known during 1975 - 1984, affecting nearly 12000 people. These range from single family outbreaks to community outbreaks affecting up to 3000 people. Microbial agents have been isolated in about 40 % of the outbreaks, the rest are of unknown etiology. Epidemiological investigations have shown that only a fraction of the actual number of cases are initially reported. The real number as judged from epidemiological follow-up investigations was in many instances tenfold higher. In almost all the cases, the cause of the outbreaks are technical deficiencies like back-siphonage of wastewater along drainage pipes, broken sewerage or sudden pollution of raw water intakes coinciding with malfunction of chlorination.
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Research Article|
March 01 1987
Waterborne Outbreaks in Sweden – Causes and Etiology
Water Sci Technol (1987) 19 (3-4): 575–580.
Citation
Y. Andersson, T. A. Stenström; Waterborne Outbreaks in Sweden – Causes and Etiology. Water Sci Technol 1 March 1987; 19 (3-4): 575–580. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0237
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