This paper presents the results of investigations into the purification of river terrace groundwaters containing manganese (Mn2+) up to 3 mg/l. It has been found that if manganese is present in terrace waters, it is always accompanied by manganese oxidizing bacteria. Based on this, a process has been developed for the biological removal of manganese without the use of chemical reagents. The technology was implemented under operational conditions in 1982, and has given stable treatment to date.

Manganese, manganese removal, biotechnology, terrace waters, ammonium ions (NH4+), rapid sand filter, bio-auto-sorb-catalytic manganese removal
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© IWA Publishing 1988
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