On-site wastewater reclamation and recycling systems are a useful option in areas where moratoriums exist on sewer connections or water shortages encourage maximum use of all water resources. The Cycle-Let Recycling System is used to treat wastewater from offices, shopping centers, and commercial and public facilities. The system is designed to produce reclaimed water for toilet and urinal flushing or landscape irrigation by anoxic and aerobic biological treatment followed by ultrafiltration, passage through activated carbon, and disinfection by ultraviolet light. A full scale operating system was evaluated for its removal of the coliphage MS-2, rotavirus SA-11, poliovirus type 1 by seeding these viruses into the mixed liquor tanks before treatment. In addition, samples were collected for naturally occurring viruses after completion of the tests. Four hundred liter samples were processed and tested for the animal viruses after each of the treatment processes,No animal viruses could be detected after ultrafiltration, indicating a reduction of at least 99.9998%. MS-2 coliphage was reduced by 99.93% by the ultrafiher and more than 99.999% after disinfection. It appears that detectable levels of animal viruses are unlikely to survive this treatment process.
Skip Nav Destination
Article navigation
Research Article|
February 01 1993
Virus Removal by an On-Site Wastewater Treatment and Recycling System
Jaime E. Naranjo;
Jaime E. Naranjo
*Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Search for other works by this author on:
Charles P. Gerba;
Charles P. Gerba
*Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Search for other works by this author on:
Susan M. Bradford;
Susan M. Bradford
**County Sanitation Districts of Orange County, Irvine, CA, USA
Search for other works by this author on:
John Irwin
John Irwin
***Thetford Systems Inc., Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA
Search for other works by this author on:
Water Sci Technol (1993) 27 (3-4): 441–444.
Citation
Jaime E. Naranjo, Charles P. Gerba, Susan M. Bradford, John Irwin; Virus Removal by an On-Site Wastewater Treatment and Recycling System. Water Sci Technol 1 February 1993; 27 (3-4): 441–444. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0388
Download citation file:
Sign in
Don't already have an account? Register
Client Account
You could not be signed in. Please check your email address / username and password and try again.
Impact Factor 2.430
CiteScore 3.4 • Q2
13 days submission to first
decision
1,439,880 downloads in 2021
32
Views
7
Citations